<19)United States
`<12)Patent Application
`Bolta et al.
`
`Publication
`
`(10)Pub.N0.:US 2004/0120152A1
`(43)Pub. Date:
`Jun. 24, 2004
`
`US 200401201 52A1
`
`(54) LIGHT EMITTING DIODE 4L-E-D-)
`LIGHTING FIXTURES VVITHEMERGENCY
`BACK-UPAND SCOTOPIC EINHANCPIMENT
`
`(76)
`
`lnvenlors: Charles Bolta, Ft. Collins, CO (US);
`Phillip C. Watts, Longmunt, Ct) (US)
`
`Correspondence Address:
`Emery L. Tracy
`P. (). Box 1518
`Boulder, CO 80306-1518 (US)
`
`(31) Appt NU_:
`
`11)/732,105
`
`(22)
`
`Filed:
`
`l)ec. 10, 2003
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`(60)
`
`Provisional 2!ppliC3liOt1Nu. M),-’432,4Z9,tiled on D126.
`11, 2002.
`
`Publication Classification
`
`Int. Cl.’
`(51)
`(52) U.S. Cl.
`
`F2lV 29/00
`...............
`362/294; 362“8U(J; 3()2.»249;
`3(>2,t'373;3(>3s"335
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`lighting fixture is provided. The lighting fixture
`An l..E.l).
`comprises at least one heat transfer mounting bar, at least
`one emitter plate secured to the mounting bar, and an array
`of l..E.D. lights secured to each emitter plate. A method for
`providing light is also provided.
`
`(2..
`
`/,/
`
`Ki)
`
`--L.E.D. Array
`ta
`
`/
`
`Z’
`
`Single Tee
`HeatTransfer
`MountingBar
`with Angled Base
`
`t“t
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication
`
`Jun. 24, 2004 Sheet 1 of 18
`
`US 2004/0120152 Al
`
`E4;
`
`\ 9~
`L.E.D. Array
`
`Single Tee
`Heat Transfer
`Mounting Bar
`
`#1
`
`'
`
`F-:4
`
`I
`
`Single Tee Mounting Bar
`
`___ L_E.D. Array
`‘L1
`
`’/
`
`Single Tee
`HeatTransfer
`MOunKing Bar
`with Angled Base
`
`l*i
`
`Single Tee Mounting Bar with Angled Base
`FIG. 2
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication Jun. 24, 2004 Sheet 2 0f 18
`
`US 2004/0120152 Al
`
`IL
`
`( 0
`
`I
`I1
`
`ll
`
`' if
`
`FIQ‘2°
`
`-
`
`“
`“~‘~“
`
`- ’
`i _—'_;
`
`t
`
`Emitter Angle
`°4
`
`with
`
`heat
`
`sink fins
`
`e.
`
`'_
`
`we
`
`| (9
`
`‘, ~
`
`I B
`
`.
`
`_ Heat Transfer
`Mounting Bar
`
`Single Tee Mounting Bar with Multiple Angled Emitter Plates
`
`\~ i V‘a/
`
`ll
`
`i,i
`
`X
`
`$3-:<;.~x
`
`Light Distribution Diagram
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Patent Application Publication
`
`Jun. 24, 2004 Sheet 3 of 18
`
`US 20()4/0120152A1
`
`I 0 Q
`
`'
`
`L.E.D_ Array
`
`Multiple Angled
`Emitter Plate
`
`lllllll'
`
`,,
`
`'
`
`\
`
`K
`
`_ '
`
`2%_-jz»,
`l
`
`;,_’_
`
`.
`
`."fI‘.Y
`
`A.
`
`‘ "
`
`“
`
`'
`
`'
`
`'
`
`,
`
`.1-.».-:=.f;:q.
`
`I ‘+
`
`\
`
`I “l
`
`P
`
`3;,
`
`§
`
`HeatTransfer
`MountmgBar
`
`Mounting Bar and Mulitple Angled Emitter Plate Assgmbly
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`3‘'
`
`Patent Application Publication
`
`Jun. 24, 2004 Sheet 4 of 18
`
`13'
`
`Y
`
`17/
`
`7'=“‘.-l‘£'*3:‘_Z'-."§‘~,_‘\
`=—;s=:é-‘-I';:>:‘-_-.f\
`. .
`'
`
`r<.=-3
`7
`.z:=*~1i-'1‘
`;;=iT.é:»:;
`r;-g—‘m»—-*»':—~ 4
`_
`i
`-_:,.~=.A~.¢1~_
`"'J\=:F-‘.—_-v-3:
`,
`"<w,T?§-'?_:@;..-2;’!
`;:.::£:
`I
`-=.»,
`.»‘:;‘;'
`'-I .1
`_‘A
`"*A'»~';.~;-r
`“*-§2“.~‘35;r:
`\_4é
`»;l._.,;
`
`--T“? .,
`F‘;:i
`,~.F=>»=-I
`@_>»£-.._:'»*»‘
`- ’ - '~~
`
`'
`1%
`
`Lb H
`
`.
`
`1e»w=-2».
`
`l
`
`-
`
`*5
`
`"‘
`
`.1)’
`
`“_
`
`"x.
`
`W.“
`
`P
`
`Y
`
`§*"'-3'"‘.§"'-*.%;,»_.._
`
`-9:» ¢=*2r-1‘=i1- —:-'/IF-i~i'Jr=.':—'~1'='-sI~"‘
`; <1.-1
`=1»-1
`-I1‘:
`
`~'=§?~=‘-~_.
`
`w.7-=~.
`
`-' 13¢:-:-:.=':¢17:'~%?':'w‘».
`
`<-'=='~- - \==~';»~>':~‘<-=- =1:--A --~ ‘;¢~.,~.‘,
`~§\"~::-=.=
`1.1;:->
`
`EH"-":‘-3»;
`2.‘:-,._=.
`
`22
`
`. -"cw =::—~--=:-=::i 1»-:-12:-:':.";~’~
`
`';‘>-3--P
`
`1.‘ -‘.1 ==~=.:-;;.';;-:».—,-
`x;:_,~§_f%;.*:_\§;;;a,:.~;, r
`
`_
`
`‘
`
`'
`
`7' ll‘
`'5"? ~
`
`=2
`13:‘
`
`i;’1?R
`
`1
`
`2,_ 1'!
`
`US 20[)4/0120152A1
`
`"i/
`
`Lens Cover
`30
`
`'
`
`L.E.D. Array
`
`Mounting Bar and
`Angled Emitter
`Plate Assembly
`
`Air Channel
`
`Exhaust Fan
`
`Fixture Body
`
`Inlet Fan
`
`R
`
`<
`
`_
`
`7
`
`1
`
`—"
`
`i
`
`*
`
`—Active Cooling by Fan and Staggered Air Channels
`
`FIQ.
`
`<9
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Patent Application Publication Jun. 24, 2004 Sheet 5 of 18
`
`US 2004/0120152 A1
`
`30
`
`[O
`
`Lens Cover
`
`|'I/
`
`..i.-'7I("'Y~.
`:—
`
`’§'
`
`Filler Emitter
`Plate with
`Half L.E.D. Array
`
`Main Emitter
`Plate with
`
`.
`1-v_._iiiii|!'fl||!\ --,-
`_-Aw-,-.»r:-»= Jlllil m1~'~-~g
`,_
`.'
`~'='*-ezszsizs '-‘.\W=.§=?‘-<'-T'=;!|i1||f=JIHIIEI"
`_/<"'
`‘M'§{}+:‘T=s~;{-;_‘.‘:;?;::;:J&\\=;5?:?-*--,eiallillbf H
`
`~~»w»_\->\ ¢ - E»,
`
`t
`
`"Av
`
`.»~!’.—;i
`.= _; m '1
`4:!
`J>\_
`
`?- ff‘- =
`
`-
`
`~¢-#2.;
`‘ ,-=- ¢-_==.~£‘_r__~§_J-2.u3_9 - \»\
`‘M
`'~"
`r-~====.:~;~1;~ _
`~ ~
`1; _‘
`an K ""1:»-
`,.;»~— =~—;--11--~
`.%:4__:4
`..
`t
`..___
`_ __ __
`4\_(;l)>*
`é-»~ ;‘~r>,_
`;;;‘>~_::_7_;Q*;‘ Q55»,­
`
`5*‘$4? §,,:’=*\,;‘*l-217:.-:1.:"'a§%'“:73”
`Q
`1
`"""Ԥ, _2E\
`‘tag:-:1
`teqb
`-P’,
`_>
`‘B
`
`»»'=-'=
`
`;-
`
`,_...5_
`
`*‘
`
`&
`
`FUm-11'eBody
`
`‘
`
`1,1
`
`'
`
`1,0
`
`Filler Emitter Plates
`
`Fm; 7
`
`­
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Patent Application Publication Jun. 24, 2004 Sheet
`
`6 of 18
`
`US 2004/0120152 A1
`
`I
`
`5/
`
`1
`
`5%
`
`:7’
`
`.\J,_.,.. »,_
`
`R,
`
`FL
`
`; #4
`
`L
`
`ight Distribution Diagram
`
`F.1‘Q.Y
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Patent Application Publication Jun. 24, 2004 She
`et 7 of 18
`
`‘
`
`152 A1
`
`US 2004/0120
`
`'2»
`
`._I'M,
`
`A-‘ .-=~>=2
`
`E Q.--“*4
`
`Emitter Plate
`
`fl
`Ii
`M"/I
`
`L.E.D.Array
`Monolithic
`
`Lb
`
`|*-I
`
`g
`
`"
`
`Q
`\g‘1"’§‘.§0
`
`.
`5. ~_ “,2: U‘:
`.;;'=. l_=|_-~_1-;_i_-_l
`Q
`2 . i.
`~~-- ~<—-—~.—=*-T"?-—_~-.1
`-‘-~ '-»:
`4.-_-~v~~'»::'>~ :_-~'~:.-*:--_--1:—-+.»;'-'— -¢~
`‘;‘$§4"§;*i‘.1'1f:=".'-;@'1~i-=~f":»'-':;_j'-vs r"~":"‘;**‘1:;= .2‘ W :
`">‘<*?;“-:.>".I-‘.':’f€'-5‘!-;-.’i':.:':_??,2~}";"hi
`
`vb‘
`
`,.i._,.,ai.._1-..~..;.~,~
`
`i
`
`:
`
`52,,
`
`;T~“E,'.?\‘?§"_;?_‘z2!*:‘,’l":‘,:§3$l?"’5_*j‘:-.;?‘%‘-.~~,_
`
`*\‘r-;-.:‘+-*--'»*—i~:.---:Y_1=:%;<’i.tZ;§<-¢\“i
`
`.
`
`‘-:—‘:I“9';f?.. ’::-'."9i;:‘¥S
`
`.
`
`Vgnf Hgle
`
`‘€¢;4~.“g
`
`‘$3
`
`,.
`
`Exhaust Fan
`
`=:".<ii‘j1.»—‘
`
`_
`
`_
`
`~
`
`’
`
`’
`
`Lg
`
`Monolithic Mounting Bar and Arc Shaped Emitter Plate
`
`FIQ 9
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Patent Application Publication J un. 24, 2004 Sheet 8 of 18
`
`US 2004/0120152 A1
`
`. Fr,-'~‘ . 12-I
`L3 ,»'-22";».
`-
`~ii':¢&~:;.­
`,::;é;I-'-_~_:'-='
`';~i-:;‘i~‘
`'>=:s=»E-..
`_;;,.._ _ ,
`~.___:_,,,
`,.
`_. k-‘H‘d-'IZ'.-
`..¢-i
`..*~=1:>:=-~-
`1»
`-- —-~=1.~,,=‘:-=~;
`-,>._\=..'5;
`2‘,
`"=~'-;"J>~.==.=~._­
`--:_1—=—.-*;_>.
`..-.0,‘-¢‘~;./:1~'»',»
`-
`_-..——.
`$:~.’-FL;:~.<—_-.1?»-~_:»--.~'-'--_'_..:'-~~~-~;~-~1:--=‘
`~.-4;
`,­
`/_3ii;-Pa~1.£<=:_'.
`'.f__"'-—’Yj'v‘
`{ I-‘;~=;=:+
`_ ‘A: :3; M:
`»-'»:¢'~ -=-;>.>'.—,s:"-.-.t.=:=:2
`-V-.-"
`- ~ -'=
`;-.31?’
`-:@.i-v."_-.'»_= ‘
`,__‘;_.;.¢,‘.,._,-_~.
`-
`'_"‘»'.\,.
`
`.
`
`___;-
`
`33 tl
`
`‘
`
`K
`
`_
`_ ""
`
`'
`
`_
`
`_ ..
`
`':5i%~3;___
`v‘i‘-1:‘ '
`
`A1
`L.
`.D~ Array
`Recessed
`in
`
`i Monolithic
`' Mounting Bar and
`VEmitter Plate
`
`'
`
`A
`
`-
`
`\ “'1
`
`Recbssed L.~E.D._ Array
`
`-
`
`FIQ. 19 '
`
`­
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Patent Application Publication
`
`Jun. 24, 2004 Sheet 9 0f 18
`
`US 2(](]4/012()152A1
`
`/3
`
`(0
`
`Pic. H
`
`Interior Chrome Lens Cupp
`
`go/
`
`Fjje; \2
`
`Lens Bar
`
`(59
`
`v,
`
`-
`
`'-
`
`w
`9
`
`<5
`
`=~ 5,
`
`'-,-Y
`
`Lfi'=;=;.-iiyea;e§;i%.;iEQ~\;i—§;&g
`’7i'§"&:£
`*
`4-.»
`\3
`
`*:.=-*2“'F:>"1~%?;-T1:r1~?:e#!:~.;r¢eY'
`;__->1 ;‘1_=,.Z
`11-Ja Z
`L? 711'"J?
`“‘.>“'-“= *-~__1.f“£-=-3'f""~<.'*-fe-fir-$'i‘~Jé*,<tI"¢e¢.!-~
`
`>-<>~'-‘>*_-‘-1F>‘*=¢T<i‘:'<r§‘4r~;i’<;—'-‘*"'"~"~" ‘L
`:¢:"T/5;»-;/.=-:3,
`"~-_€"-1
`'~-: ~»_,,;’j,\."’_
`.g
`
`~ <=p<
`_ ‘ »
`I
`
`\r.:-'»"'F‘v;-~'"_=._.
`7%?5?‘
`
`~e
`
`, -­
`
`\ 7 A"
`>=
`'
`_-;"'§é*‘->4-$42-:
`15° degree Angle Prismatic Lens
`
`1
`
`.
`
`‘
`
`e
`
`‘
`
`,2, -‘-_ ‘4
`'
`.5~f_'_‘,1‘” :;1"-‘"-}:'-'~'- .~
`
`-i?'_;>£1_*.§7§'_q';_’§_3>;§’"..“‘i3_@~.-1..._, L V 4;‘ -:_
`__ 4
`
`­
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Patent Application Publication
`
`Jun. 24, 2004 Sheet 10 of 18
`
`US 2004/0120152A1
`
`_
`
`Ԥ/
`
`3
`
`_-_'?'.'.'.-
`I1
`m"‘»==_-.=~..
`
`.
`
`E.
`
`~ ‘
`
`er
`
`‘?-::3=;Z'::I2;-'z-";_;>_;:
`
`n
`
`’
`
`-*7:
`
`Q
`
`i
`
`’~
`
`?*‘:%».‘;?iE‘—'='.*4.~',-iriq;
`
`-
`I
`
`.
`
`-
`“._
`
`J
`
`|
`
`!E;’£fian’>'-’-£;=?_"";;%:V:__{E ',=:’:§;;
`
`
`<j:~H~’r1:"l-‘X-$'“‘:':"~a1, 3 5
`,=§1!;'{=...; =1-121'
`51
`it
`.-2'5
`.'
`
`,
`..::;s
`
`~54:
`:2’-‘i.
`
`" 3?.“
`"\'€§::?,',1L1:-‘T;:‘_‘Z.':.1§L@f:?:lVi:z‘[§:‘é‘:‘1~:35‘
`
`¢,
`‘Z -,<,~ -_
`*.~,'.'_'<s'.‘-E‘*ai;i><:»-¢¢_§=~z~;"Zr@£2;
`._I,:;.-'_-;;1:‘:
`.='
`2'-=: -; =
`=22 E; %
`
`
`
`+x;=&=e;..;§;,=~=
`
`-=51 ;.'Ij
`'\#:‘.;.:;-_
`
`":
`
`_,j
`
`-:..- ;= =<<=>:"+.;.-"~‘:::-..,,
`=:- »=‘.%-:-,-.;=.:--‘<-2*';~~
`
`5;-:
`
`.aY,;.%.¢;'-:':~.=¢*f1='.'--.._..~ =1
`
`1"-A
`
`'.=.=§s§;i:§_-="­
`
`E?*-L'?=-:?~:""5§Li’7' 1¥_'=7?T;I4%?'5": *3 "
`F7‘; —1-_~1= ,--2-\,‘..~
`.1iv~
`
`,;::;:v;==1vl:.§§§;'¢~;;_»;»-'~ -'
`
`'
`
`‘-E;
`
`I
`
`* _,_
`
`l—
`
`Light Radiant
`Translucent White
`‘Plastic Diffusion Lens
`
`Plastic Diffusion Lens
`
`FIQ. H
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Patent Application Publication Jun. 24, 2004 Sheet 11 of 18
`
`US 2004/0120152 A1
`
`5“
`_ '-:.:-'-F;
`,- V.’ :.-..,..
`‘
`1: .—--.-1-;~.; -\
`
`'
`
`--.'|­
`:
`1'4-?
`..
`'~'~::
`*
`"
`#2:1
`.@ ­
`-‘.5.-‘,1:">Ap
`?_.,,
`1;,___.'i3,_>.:_.i.‘
`"'A‘—'§>l“ ;
`‘1
`‘:5;
`._ _ _ _
`.5“,
`‘;‘;**""=‘€=.‘».1
`l~'5I>_'~4'.)L-£"'.,:,
`"r'§"-:=,vT_.-..-,.
`
`~
`
`
`
`J1 \‘ '=*.*.2_=<r§=fi;5"leg
`
`i <­
`
`.
`
`Z
`
`;~fi1f.=‘;f3\.’“‘
`
`g‘:..
`
`10/
`
`’
`
`* SupportSystem
`
`Recessed L.E.D.
`' Array
`\ ‘L
`
`'
`
`Heat Sinking Fins I (0
`
`IFan ­
`
`'LO
`
`I“
`»"'T»T'
`'-'-
`_:* - = '
`1.1’-‘¢~
`>
`:~>.;---
`.-r
`.
`5"%_""l~; '.-1.13
`=1 ‘A; =’3:';~;
`..:,~.=;g ;T;-_ > ­
`_;-—=.*;
`'-*1“!
`
`4 Fl
`
`‘fa’:
`
`..
`
`"‘=-121.:
`
`-1
`
`vi.:\fiY,i:.-
`
`‘{1._
`'~==.
`
`.
`
`'""“‘--
`
`=5".-.
`
`‘=a==.
`
`‘-'~_.
`
`\
`
`"-'!,.
`
`<:§¢=~ ,>-
`
`\.-:
`
`1::-.-.= .‘.".»
`
`x-:3"
`I
`
`_
`
`s-~. ‘Qv =2;-2£1
`2
`
`'
`
`H ‘"~ .“'
`1-9,,
`
`er»
`
`._
`
`',.;>z<.
`
`‘
`
`*­
`
`—:,—"- "2-1*.
`41-‘
`‘."*.-» "’
`’f°,\'~‘\‘¥
`
`’
`11551
`1"
`
`=‘-F-"*1
`-15'.‘~*
`
`‘
`I
`
`i
`
`P111‘
`
`1
`
`fizz
`m
`'
`2
`
`,
`
`‘
`
`Translucent
`Plastic Diffusion
`
`Lens
`
`PIG.
`
`\S
`
`\\
`\\\\,‘
`_\¢‘
`
`"
`
`‘-_
`
`~‘__
`
`%‘5?E§€§*§;;_
`
`--7
`
`Y $2‘:-' = +~;;»I;5+‘""A.
`‘{¢;-'
`;;;‘.;5'.-
`V .
`F‘
`I
`-..—
`~.-
`rr
`-.——_
`‘._,_,,,1_._
`
`~,
`
`-.:,
`
`..
`
`'.
`
`I)‘,
`
`\
`
`\\
`
`e Tube Fixture
`660 Degre
`
`­
`­
`

`

`Patent Application Publication Jun. 24, 2004 Sheet 12 0f 18
`
`US 2004/0120152 Al
`
`’,/,_,,,
`
`MRl6 Type
`Reflectorfor Q0
`L.E..D. Array
`
`911:. we
`
`______Z_I
`
`l;‘L//
`
`Single Tee
`Mounting Bar
`(other types of
`mounting bars
`could also be used
`with this design)
`
`MRI6 Type Reflector
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Patent Application Publication
`
`Jun. 24, 2004 Sheet 13 of 18
`
`US 2004/0120152A1
`
`10%
`
`— Support System
`
`--"
`
`—
`
`‘.2’.
`
`1 5:"?
`
`.52’;
`
`'
`
`- Heat
`
`FiI\S
`
`1
`_,;
`
`4­a­
`
`‘_
`
`I-:T‘I:'_J'
`_-;-,
`
`'
`
`'
`
`7‘
`
`‘E5’? );-
`.
`
`'2-2"
`=.»
`
`Tr“:
`_.-
`
`_,_‘
`
`4;§ril5Z-‘: '-»
`
`-
`' ‘
`,/Em1m=rP1a¢= I“
`
`L_E‘D_Ana
`
`§i =¢
`-u
`
`;;.
`==,-.
`
`:3
`
`Heat Transfer
`
`Y
`
`U.
`
`F336. F7
`
`Integrated Heal Sink Design
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Patent Application Publication
`
`Jun. 24, 2004 Sheet 14 of 18
`
`US 2004/0120152A1
`
`MHI/
`
`L.E.D. Lighting Fixture
`
`F::c;4
`
`1Y
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Patent Application Publication
`
`Jun. 24, 2004 Sheet 15 0f 18
`
`US 2(](]4/0120152A1
`
`'
`
`10,2
`
`Blue and White L.E.D. Array
`
`€:@;.
`
`I‘?
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`.»' ­
`
`Patent Application Publication
`
`Jun. 24, 2004 Sheet 16 of 18
`
`US 2004/0120152A1
`
`_,1'§; I:-<f-If‘
`
`".
`
`W
`
`;- . 1;’
`
`‘.1“;',"~’#~
`
`1;,
`
`-7*;
`
`_1'<':°‘-‘f’?-<*'
`
`‘"1
`
`*;\,_a.:rg“-F‘13$!
`
`..'4_~<=‘~‘_."
`
`- B 1*
`
`, <7
`(1,,
`
`if
`
`V“
`,5.
`. _%;
`_ '
`= - -E;
`- ’:
`,._ 1
`_‘<
`
`..
`
`Q
`
`~
`
`’
`
`.~.
`
`,~; » ,-;:~=~_:,
`
`2-:'~
`
`"-\.Yg§_~_}'.“,='
`
`
`H4? é-,2,"‘--.§’j;\€"s'F->»“ 3 -' ‘ '
`“(
`- ' '8 0W
`.~ >
`
`.
`
`‘P
`
`ggégf
`‘J?‘x ,1:
`- A_- SUI
`-
`H -Q,I|
`@.‘@~,-a
`Br”;
`“VG
`¢,
`I"-1-'=--\~=..
`-::_Z1~1.1
`".4
`~;
`"*-~.-Par
`.I~I-.~-
`I»
`‘*’;'-‘,
`_
`-._~<'¥:;;.-r;.;»?‘,Z»r*'»‘?5§§@§'¢?;_§=_<1%?>z*,;v_-:.¢=.;~_<-sf»-e.t_Y:;g¢;,.<¢3;<§
`
`
`¢—.~*-»,;~'~:*=:/*/.i.—;f-11>".
`
`,,%%1’€*"’fl-.~5,1Yb<.-1~_~?;;¢@-,~.,-=‘~§@»_..~~=F=~3'*A
`- =j._.-\j- '._1_..'~ - >,
`'~ " -.
`<-;q${:.‘5,Q‘ "§»#“_§s"“,
`__»,j-'
`'§i-',=
`fifie.
`
`(§$~4§'%§€g_.éi4%,'3V;§;,5;_~Hf§j‘»¢;§i$:<§-= -;--1 1-..;?'~y..~;(_;_>Q{‘-'\-.»,; 4
`éw W.-< "'€,._,,;
`\.
`.--
`
`:_~.'4‘1°~-+~.=_~'»-,'n,§§'$‘~.§','-"'
`év-1
`*‘
`.1.»
`» L
`v-6-'~“-§
`$5»
`H
`‘
`3
`.
`'1~§."--, .»
`. ‘ *1
`V-I
`
`;»
`I
`1?-~~»_H,1‘E5_:j_>"'v‘4:}'1._;_'“ai1,
`‘--_~,t‘1;:~‘</3'?’-‘l:_~"'*i’-'.~.;~'..
`231“-5353?"-“*’@*%§§W’"¥r§
`‘
`$17
`’“5?~71;~,‘%'¢»
`=zQa;'$"-@‘1'»-?'.*i>'#I'*‘
`r~
`~
`.A
`-,
`pg»..@\_,_&¢;»1~.,;;;_h»,'.'~;_‘§»%,,_\»~_y_1:.“
`§A3'r-> ~
`>-1*¢\P§~.y-_.-;-.
`.,.
`§
`M , L);
`,
`
`1‘
`
`, -.1.-‘."
`'.--»"-Y.”'_.-5.1;:'~ <~.1~ ‘V '.
`1*‘
`‘?¢$5‘="='-
`
`_;_'1' »‘=;.,
`.~'-*~’:
`r~Z==.'e:§l§?-".5l%7’§?,}‘*1?".§if3’T77-".**?*»»+A
`-‘VA--:(#(';\
`isi-‘?'-'¢l~;-I-‘
`1*‘
`IVE -
`
`--=“*~‘~=»*<4‘$"*-"-A-,'@-='sfw1*<
`'
`.’~:
`'
`‘
`I V
`.‘
`~ 7-=‘ -."v‘
`-
`.
`-H.»
`‘.1-*.1‘= ‘.\—-~‘»;;!.l""*".-"'~r'|
`"J
`,<».= '5'.'u-‘\ ~..-
`.
`'{"._:~$
`,-
`n
`~
`\(
`=
`w
`12¢
`'<
`'3
`.
`,
`8,;
`\
`s‘ ..¢,./ _
`'
`1
`
`-»-f.’-,".=."»-)1-~'*j.’T-'.,;/'-_
`
`'7"",:'“'¥1;
`
`.
`5.;
`
`k ‘L352
`:1
`’
`»
`~
`
`‘
`..
`1 e
`8
`
`=¢g,-f/';\_\.3,
`;.
`-B
`
`.
`S?
`
`*- ‘
`
`,.
`
`»~
`
`V
`
`‘
`‘V
`'-*,1..q,\;'¢,
`
`..
`":“~~""' ~
`,
`"§""§":I=*‘5’
`._‘-{ ~~
`‘
`
`
`i‘-r
`’
`>iv‘-
`
`_3z*':.;~-4»w "3 » 1*-»-.zh
`~;.-*=r-»-
`1;?~,' *‘ww 3 \ 3.11
`,_~.,"‘‘.‘T$“‘:v:"*W»
`5~»,¢<~»~~
`N
`_¢;:»;_V
`1‘
`J
`".?*=;1-uvy-‘q,
`**"".’*<:'..» v»
`\L
`,~ .\§>."=;~» "“'
`' =‘%¢
`\\*-"
`_"
`-Id
`‘ '--‘L
`\':.¢. f-'- ‘-7;
`_ .,
`-5 ,_.~".=._»9.-3'-:":-’$__,,.'
`‘
`.
`M
`-‘4v -, ,.-v
`- .»_ ,
`1'
`. 4.
`~
`.
`P
`a;-‘V; wk-.. -
`..
`‘
`*1‘
`~
`'
`‘
`~y;'-is
`,i_!,_-,;"‘.1._»._,~i;,\“,'—v-W ;
`.3» », = \i%;§';¥
`fr.
`/1
`‘
`
`=‘1~‘~ “-
`
`‘
`
`,
`
`,
`
`,
`
`'_.-
`
`/_
`'
`
`~
`_ g
`,_';g:>._,: F11
`~_v
`:'
`w
`,,§“;A.
`
`=,:?"".-s Ki
`~11. __-_ 4"
`'~~:-
`“G
`‘t
`
`‘ '‘_~$. ~,,.*,.»..._<1*1>:;P~;if"g\'' ._@ wt 1‘*_.w_
`
`.
`
`q
`
`'
`
`- » "
`
`*
`
`‘
`
`'- '_. ~ , L ..
`
`,
`
`. ‘ét-‘;""‘>
`
`..‘
`
`*3."
`
`”;m‘~;=
`
`-
`
`?"§§~*‘T-'.§3,‘i=
`
`F '
`
`'
`
`_ I
`
`"13,
`
`It;-1'-~.,
`
`'f.~;+-;
`
`.,;,_.,
`
`- '.,._,|--‘"<
`
`3" <
`
`.
`
`.,
`
`.
`
`¢ -'
`
`J
`
`"
`22.. fir Q.
`*:‘*
`
`,
`
`­
`­
`­
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Patent Application Pubhcatlon Jun 24, 2004 Sheet
`
`17 of 18
`
`US 2004/0120152 A1
`
`L4L
`
`,
`/
`//':“‘€t:g/,7’,
`o’*'$;¢$’$*;’~
`$’;Y$’*7o”;’$$35‘7"4$3~Q
`@u’*o’e2W;~‘Q
`'0'» weOn
`/“O/"4v,’?¢’v‘%¢/)4
`09¢?»
`9%’ga
`
`U9’
`
`\\.»
`/_;/"A"/14;
`_>/‘\
`4*»
`-1?
`-
`K
`L_,..
`,3-V’
`" ’/".//.‘,
`1‘
`.
`.
`H.­
`at
`ig ly
`
`1”x_l”Lcns
`Sectlons, each
`sl ht
`different angle
`
`4*.
`A /’fY-1"
`/
`._ /j/'
`_
`
`'1;/F‘;
`
`’
`
`\\
`
`-2
`
`\1
`
`,
`
`/
`
`FIG 22
`Varied Angle Lens Detail
`
`­
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Patent Application Publication
`
`Jun. 24, 2004 Sheet 18 of 18
`
`US 2004/0120152 A1
`
`%QZ9
`¢. W
`‘$9’
`11*"
`“
`_ ‘fig
`
`*>
`
`FIG. 23
`Varied Angle Lens
`
`.e
`
`k“)
`.
`Q y
`5%
`
`\_i
`
`Lu
`
`4I—>
`‘
`\
`'
`
`l” x l" Lens
`Sections, each at
`slightly different
`angle
`
`FIG. 24
`Varied Angle Lens Detail
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`US 2004/0120152 Al
`
`Jun. 24, 2004
`
`LIGHT ENIl'l"l‘lN(} l)l()l)l<I (l..E.l).) l.l(}H'l‘lN(}
`FIXTURES “’ITH EMERGENCY BACK-UPAND
`SCOTOPIC ENHANCEMENT
`
`[0001] The present application is a continuation and
`claims priority of pending provisional patent application
`Serial No. 60/432,429, filed on Dec. 11, 2002, entitled
`“I.ight Emitting Diode (L.E.D.) lighting Fixtures With
`Emergency Back-Up and Scotopic Enhancement”.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`[0002]
`
`1. Field of the Invention
`
`[0003] This invention relates generally to light emitting
`diode lighting fixtures and, more particularly, the invention
`relates to light emitting diode lighting fixtures with emer­
`gency back-up and scotopic enhancement.
`
`[0004]
`
`2. Description of the Prior Art
`
`[0005] Although receptive field sizes account for some of
`the differences in visual sensitivity across the retina,
`the
`sensitivity at a given retinal
`location can also vary. The
`human eye can process information over an enormous range
`of luminance (about
`twelve (12) log units). The visual
`system changes its sensitivity to light; a process called
`adaptation, so that it may detect the faintest signal on a dark
`night and yet not be overloaded by the high brightness of a
`summer beach scene. Adaptation involves four major pro­
`cesses:
`
`l. Changes in Pupil Size. The iris constricts and
`[0006]
`dilates in response to increased and decreased levels of
`retinal illumination. Iris constriction has a shorter latency
`and is faster (about 0.3 s) than dilation (about l.5
`There
`are Widevariations in pupil sizes among individuals and for
`a particular individual at different titnes. Thus, for a given
`luminous stimulus, some uncertainty is associated with an
`individual’s pupil size unless it is measured. In general,
`however, the range in pupil diameter for young people may
`be considered to be from two (2) mm for high levels to eight
`(8) mm for low levels of retinal illumination. This change in
`pupil size in response to retinal
`illumination can only
`account for a l.2 log unit change in sensitivity to light. Older
`people tend to have smaller pupils under comparable con­
`ditions.
`
`2. Neural Adaptation. This is a fast (less than one
`[0007]
`(1 s) second) change in sensitivity produced by synaptic
`interactions in the visual system. Neural processes awount
`for virtually all the transitory changes in sensitivity of the
`eye where cone photopigment bleaching has not yet taken
`place (discussed below)—in other words, at
`luminance
`values commonly encountered in electrically lighted envi­
`ronments, below about 600 cd/mg. Because neural adapta­
`tion is so fast and is operative at moderate light levels, the
`sensitivity of the visual system is typically well adjusted to
`the interior scene. Only under special circumstances in
`interiors, such as glancing out a window or directly at a
`bright light source before looking back at a task, will the
`capabilities of rapid neural adaptation be exceeded. Under
`these conditions, and in situations associated with exteriors,
`net|ral adaptation will not be wmpletely able to handle the
`changes in luminance necessary for efficient visual function.
`
`3. Photochemical Adaptation. The retinal receptors
`[0008]
`(rods and cones) contain pigtnents which, upon absorbing
`
`light energy, change composition and release ions Which
`provide, after processing, an electrical signal to the brain.
`There are believed to be four photopigments in the human
`eye, one in the rods, and one each in the three cone types.
`When light is absorbed, the pigment breaks down into an
`unstable aldehyde of vitamin A and a protein (opsin) and
`gives off energy that generates signals that are relayed to the
`brain and interpreted as light. In the dark,
`the pigment
`is
`regenerated and is again available to receive light. The
`sensitivity of the eye to light is largely a function of the
`percentage of unbleached pigment. Under conditions of
`steady brightness, the concentration of photopigment is in
`equilibrium; when the brightness is changed, pigment
`is
`either bleached or regenerated to reestablish equilibrium.
`Because the time required to accomplish the photochemical
`reactions is finite, changes in the sensitivity lag behind the
`stimulus changes. The cone system adapts much more
`rapidly than does the rod system; even after exposure to high
`levels of brightness, the cones will regain nearly complete
`sensitivity in ten (10 min) minutes-twelve (I2 min) minutes,
`while the rods will require sixty (60 min) minutes (or longer)
`to fully dark-adapt.
`
`4. Transient Adaptation. Transient adaptation is a
`[0009]
`phenomenon associated with reduced visibility after view­
`ing a higher or lower luminance than that of the task. If
`recovery from transient adaptation is fast (less than one (l s)
`second), neural processes are causing the change. If recov­
`ery is slow (longer than one (1 s) second), some changes in
`the photopigments have taken place. Transient adaptation is
`usually insignificant in interiors, bt|t can be a problem in
`brightly lighted interiors or exteriors where photopigment
`bleaching has taken place. The reduced visibility after
`entering a dark movie theater from the outside on a sunny
`day is an illustration of this latter effect.
`
`the primary photoreceptor
`that
`[0010] Studies suggest
`system for melatonin suppression is distinct from the rod
`and cone photoreceptors for vision. This action spectrum
`suggests that there is a novel retinaldehyde photopigment
`that mediates human circadian photoreception.
`SUMMARY
`[0011] The L.E.D. (Light Emitting Diode) lighting fixture
`of the present invention has been developed as an alternative
`light source, capable of replacing typical fiuorescent and
`incandescent fixtures. L.E.D.’s inherently emit either a
`direct highly concentrated beam spread or a diffuse light
`with extremely low lumens. The L.E.D. array is configured
`so that the light fixture emits a direct wide beam spread
`similar to the output of existing fluorescent and incandescent
`fixtures.
`
`[0012] The L.E.D. lighting fixture can also be part of an
`emergency fighting system that can withstand extreme
`stresses, be reliable, and have a long life. It has been
`demonstrated that it is critical
`to an emergency lighting
`system to include the use of L.E.D."s made with a scotopi­
`cally rich primary color. Increasing the eye’s ability to
`respond to low levels of light could be critical to a person’s
`ability to react in an emergency situation. Also, the primary
`scotopic color of L.E.D.’s in this preferred system prepares
`the eye to respond and adapt quickly to changes in foot­
`candles of light when the emergency hghts come on.
`[0013] L.E.D.’s typically have a lower lumen per watt
`output
`than fluorescent or
`incandescent
`latnps. Using
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`US 2004/0120152 Al
`
`Jun. 24, 2004
`
`I..E.I).’s with a higher scotopic output increases perceived
`l_ight,visual acuity and response of the eye under typically
`low lumen output L.E.D.’s
`
`[0014] The designs of the present application address a
`number of problems including: mercury on nuclear vessels,
`breakage of normal
`light filaments during explosions or
`shock, the presence of ultraviolet light that degrades plastics
`over time, maintenannx: issues, interrupted light source with
`unreliable battery back-up, and high energy consumption, all
`of Which are above and beyond normal fluorescent lighting
`used in Navy Subs and surface ships and any application
`where normal
`lighting and/or combined with emergency
`lighting highly resistant
`to explosion or shock is neeclecl.
`Another problem addressed with this design is multiple
`shadows Which are more pronounced with multiple L.E.D.’s
`anclstronger lumen output L.E.D.’s. Anovel shadow reduc­
`tion lens with sub-lens helps reduce the shadowing problem
`and also helps keep up the lumen output of the fixture.
`
`[0015] The use of scotopic/photopic blends and ratios help
`rnaxiniize eye to lumen response and photochemical and
`transient adaptation to darkness in emergency situations.
`The scotopic range of light can be adjusted to reduce
`melatonin levels depending on desired ellects of perfor­
`mance of occupants of an environment. For example the 3“
`shift in a motor room or industrial application where a higher
`ratio, for example 50% blue light L.E.D.’s between 420-490
`nm and 50% white light L.E.D.’s, could be increased or
`adjusted to lower melatonin levels ancl/orthen the light ratio
`could be put back to any ratio of white light I..E.I).’s,
`therefore keeping 3"‘ shift workers awake longer, depending
`on building design features including ceiling height and
`reflectivity of surfaces.
`[0016] The L.E.D. lighting fixture configures arrays of
`L.E.D.’s so that light is spread out evenly and more closely
`matches the footcandle output and footcandle spread for a
`full 180 degrees or beam spread as required for each
`application.
`
`[0017] The L.E.D. lighting fixture addresses a problem
`with temporary lighting used for example in construction or
`in mines where light fixtures are strung up in an area and not
`securely fastened and fixtures have been known to fall.
`There have been a number of instances of fatal shock that
`have occurred with high voltage lighting. The new L.E.D.
`lighting fixture I0 can be run on either high or low voltage
`therefore reducing or eliminating shock hazard. Also, the
`internal metal framing structure, which holds the L.E.D.’s,
`has special anodized coatings to make them non-conductive
`further insulating people from shock hazard.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF TI-IE DRAVVINGS
`
`I is a perspective view illustrating a l_ight
`FIG.
`[0018]
`emitting diode lighting fixture, constructed in accordance
`With the present
`invention, With a single tee mounting bar;
`[0019] FIG. 2 is a perspective view illustrating the light
`emitting diode lighting fixture, constructed in accordance
`With the present invention, having a single tee mounting bar
`with an angled base;
`
`FIG. 4 is a schematic view illustrating light dis­
`[0021]
`tribution for the light emitting diode fixture of FIG. 3;
`
`[0022] FIG. 5 is a perspective view illustrating the light
`emitting diode lighting fixture, constructed in accordance
`with the present invention, having a mounting bar and a
`multiple angled emitter plate assembly;
`
`[0023] FIG. 6 is an exploded view illustrating the light
`emitting diode lighting fixture, constructed in accordance
`with the present invention, having active cooling and heat
`reduction;
`
`[0024] FIG. 7 is an exploded view illustrating the light
`emitting diode lighting fixture, constructed in accordance
`with the present invention, having filler emitter plates;
`[0025] FIG. 8 is a schematic view illustrating the light
`distribution of the light emitting diode fixture of FIG. 7;
`[0026] FIG. 9 is an exploded view illustrating the light
`emitting diode lighting fixture, constructed in accordance
`With the present
`invention, having a monolithic mounting
`bar and arc-shaped emitter plate;
`
`[0027] FIG. 10 is a perspective view illustrating the light
`emitting diode lighting fixture, constructed in accordance
`with the present invention, having a recessed light emitting
`diode array;
`
`[0028] FIG. II is a perspective view illustrating an inte­
`rior chrome lens cup of the light emitting diode lighting
`fixture, constructed in accordance with the present inven­
`tion, for maximizing light output;
`[0029] FIG. 12 is a perspective view illustrating a lens bar
`of the light emitting diode lighting fixture, constructed in
`accordance with the present
`invention, with vertical and
`horizontal element construction for reducing the shadowing
`phenomenon;
`[0030] FIG. I3 is a perspective view illustrating a varying
`degree angle prismatic sub-lens of the light emitting diode
`lighting fixture, constructed in accordance with the present
`invention, for reducing the shadowing phenomenon;
`
`[0031] FIG. 14 is a perspective view illustrating the light
`emitting diode lighting fixture, constructed in accordance
`with the present invention, with a plastic diffusion lens;
`
`FIG. I5 is a perspective view illustrating the light
`[0032]
`emitting diode lighting fixture, constructed in accordance
`with the present invention, with three hundred and sixty
`(36U°) degrees tube fixture;
`[0033] FIG. I6 is a perspective view illustrating the light
`emitting diode lighting fixture, constructed in accordance
`With the present
`invention, with a l\/[R16 type refiector;
`[0034] FIG. I7 is a perspective view illustrating the light
`emitting diode lighting fixture, constructed in accordance
`With the present
`invention, with an integrated heat sink
`design;
`
`I8 is a perspective view illustrating an
`[0035] FIG.
`embodiment of the light emitting diode lighting fixture,
`constructed in accordance With the present invention;
`
`[0020] FIG. 3 is a perspective view illustrating the light
`emitting diode lighting fixture, constructed in accordance
`with the present invention, having a single tee mounting bar
`with multiple angled emitter plates;
`
`[0036] FIG. 19 is a perspective view illustratin