`
`
`
`EXHIBIT
`
`EXHIBIT
`1006
`
`1006
`
`

`

`P.O. Box 3506
`Chico CA 95927
`wwww.documentsdelivered.com
`
`Document #
`
`7102-1
`
`1 of 1
`
`Name
`
`Order ID
`
`Order Date
`
`Client Reference | Billing Number
`
`Service
`
`Jennifer Berman
`
`7102
`
`12.02.2013 2:11 pm
`
`71116-0196
`
`Regular Order
`
`Document Information
`
`Source: Electronics
`
`Volume: 39
`
`Issue: 17
`
`Date: 1966 Aug 22
`
`Pages: 209-210 (or entire article)
`
`Author:
`
`Title:
`
`Order Options
`
` Title Page if Available
`
` Table of Contents if Available
`
` Copyright Page if Available
`
` Digital Only
`
` Datestamp
`
` Color if Available
`
` Hardcopy Only
`
` English Only
`
` Include Suppl. Material if Available
`
`COPYRIGHT NOTICE: Documents Delivered strictly adheres to the guidelines set forth in Title 17 of the U.S. Copyright
`Code. For more information please visit http://www.copyright.gov/title17 and
`http://www.documentsdelivered.com/copyright-policy/.
`
`PHONE NUMBER | 1.855.809.1227
`
`FAX NUMBER | 1.530.809.4529
`
`DOCUMENTS DELIVERED INC.
`
`

`

` ugust 22, 1966-
`
` iElectronics Abroad
`
`Volume 39
`
`
`
`Hitachi laser unit translates contours into digital dimensions. Tube housing
`laser and detection system moves in and out to keep beam focused on surface.
`
`nique could be used to check an-
`tenna accuracy. Mitsubishi also will
`have the inside track with a sister
`company that manufactures ships,
`airplanes and rockets. The laser
`technique, for example, could pro-
`duce full-scale templates for air-
`frame sections from half- or quar-
`ter-size models.
`Two ways. Both Hitachi and
`Mitsubishi based their equipment
`on the same fundamental
`idea—
`keep a laser beam continuously
`focused on the target surface no
`matter how its contour changes.
`In other words,
`the laser head
`must always be kept at the same
`distance from the surface, moving
`in or out to track the contOur. To
`achieve this, defocusing of the spot
`is detected in the laser head by
`solar cells that pick up the reflected
`beam. Their output is used as an
`error signal for a servosystem that
`holds the head at a fixed distance
`from the tracked, surface. Digital
`dimension data then can be picked
`off the servodrive.
`In putting the concept to work,
`the two firms took different tacks.
`The Hitachi system has a small
`lens to focus a neon-helium gas
`laser beam' to a spot- about 0.5
`millimeter in diameter on a target
`
`15 centimeters distant. A much
`larger lensi—ofl' the axis of the beam
`-—focuses the reflected spot on an
`array of silicon solar cells. This ar-
`rangement, Hitachi maintains, cuts
`down noise since it keeps outgoing
`and returning laser light paths sep-
`arate. The off—center
`lens has an
`added advantage:
`it deflects the
`reflected spot
`in one direction if
`the laser head is too close to the
`target and in the other direction if
`the head is too far away.
`The solar-cell array that gener-
`ates the error signal for the servo-
`drive has two cells 0.5 mm square
`at the center;
`their output is fed
`to a differential amplifier to get a
`highly sensitive indication of bal—
`ance. The two center cells are
`flanked by cells that put out “near”
`or “far” signals when there are
`large
`deviations
`from balance.
`With this arrangement, Hitachi
`gets a precision of i003 mm in
`the readout, which is displayed on
`an indicator as well as recorded on
`tape.
`Pinhole. Like Hitachi, Mitsubishi
`uses a neon—helium laser with an
`output of a few milliwatts for the
`beam and it’s kept focused on the
`target by a_ servosystem. Mitsu-
`bishi,
`though, puts both the out—
`
`209
`
`
`
`Spurred by automobile makers who
`want to speed the progression of
`their models from styling studio to
`lproduction line,'two Japanese elec-
`‘tronios companies have developed
`‘Iaser units that translate the con-:
`‘tours of clay mockups into digital
`dimensional data.
`Taking the measurements of the
`. mockups with a laser is much faster
`llthan painstaking mechanical meth-
`: ads and points to a slash in design
`I
`lead time for automobiles. The digi-
`n
`tal dimenisonal data from the laser,
`recorded on tape, can be processed
`{by computer to generate numerical
`{control programs
`for
`automatic
`milling of body-stamping dies.
`Like auto makers everywhere, the
`Japanese
`auto
`companies
`that
`.
`it
`ibacked the laser development don’t
`ill
`broadcast
`their exact
`lead time;
`a]l
`.0th it’s estimated the laser tech-
`sgnique could halve the two-year pen
`\riod generally considered par to
`get a new model into production.
`
`The two companies that have
`
`(readiedilaser pick-off units are Hi-
`tachi Ltd. and Mitsubishi Electric
`Corp. Hitachi appears to be out
`
`“front at the moment. In addition
`$10 a laser pick-off, Hitachi has the
`
`cOmputer software prepared and a
`numerical control milling machine
`
`that can turn out
`the dies. Such
`»a system, Hitachi estimates, would
`COSt somewhere between $300,000
`and $500,000; the computer would
`be additional. Hitachi has'no or-
`ders as yet and won’t disclose
`Which auto ”maker it worked with
`to develop the system.
`For its part, Mitsubishi so far
`Elias developed only the laser pick-
`EOH, again at the instigation of an
`ullidisclosed auto maker. But Mitsu-
`b1511i may be the first
`to put its
`1timer unit to work in nonautomotive
`applications. The company is the
`Ieflding Japanese producer of large
`..d15h antennas and the laser. tech-
`.i
`
`ii
`
`u ,
`
`

`

`Electronics Abroad
`
`going and incoming light through
`a single inverted telescope with a
`large objective lens that focuses
`the beam to a very fine spot-25
`to 50 microns in diameter.
`A half-mirror in the optical sys(cid:173)
`tem deflects the incoming reflected
`spot through a collimating lens and
`a pinhole onto a solar cell. A tun(cid:173)
`ing fork vibrates the pinhole, mov(cid:173)
`ing it 0.5 mm up and down along
`the optical axis at a frequency of
`several hundred cycles per second.
`This vibration modulates the light
`hitting the solar cell, whose sine(cid:173)
`wave output is the error signal for
`the servosystem. Phase comparison
`of the cell output signal and the
`tuning-fork drive frequency indi(cid:173)
`cates the direction and amount the
`laser head should shift to focus the
`beam on the target. Precision with
`this system, Mitsubishi reports, ap(cid:173)
`proaches 1 or 2 microns.
`
`West Germany
`
`Repetitious
`Although people who receive a lot
`of cables may not believe it, oper(cid:173)
`a tors of intercontinental radiotele(cid:173)
`graph systems take great pains to
`make sure messages get through
`ungarbled. Nearly all use automatic
`equipment to spot transmission
`errors and rectify them immedi(cid:173)
`ately by retransmitting the correct
`characters.
`The repetition slows the outgo(cid:173)
`ing fl.ow of information so a buff er
`storage is needed for information
`fed in for transmission. The most
`prevalent buffer used today is a
`paper-tape reperforator, a slowpoke
`compared to the fast transmission
`equipment it works with. But it
`now seems the tape reperforator is
`doomed by the advent of faster,
`smaller, more reliable ·electronic
`buffers.
`The latest to come is a magnetic(cid:173)
`core matrix buffer developed by
`Siemens & Halske AG. With no
`moving parts, it leapfrogs the tech- .
`nology of two other electronic tele(cid:173)
`printer buffers currently available,
`both of which store information on
`rotating magnetic drums.
`
`··:
`
`Soviet Union
`
`Blocked out
`The ddve by Soviet leaders Aleksej
`Kosygin and Leonid Brezhnev to
`give the Russian consumer a better
`break apparently won't lead to
`whopping orders for Western man- ·
`ufacturers of electronic plant equip.
`ment.
`Earlier this year, Soviet durable.
`goods planners worked out deals
`with Fiat .. of Italy and Renault of
`France for auto plants. Many ob- i·
`servers of the Russian scene ex.
`pected a spate of factory-equipment
`contracts to follow, among them
`deals
`for consumer electronics
`plants. But hopes that a substan.
`tial new market for Wes tern firms
`would open up have been dimmed
`by a recent Russian order for a
`complete tv tube factory from the
`Incandescent Works of
`United
`Budapest, Hungary.
`Millions. The plant, which will
`cost about $7.8 million at the offi-'
`cial exchange rate, is scheduled for
`start-up early next year. Its yearly
`output will be 1.2 million tubes in
`three sizes-19, 21, and 23 inches.
`At that capacity, the factory can
`meet al?out a quarter of. Soviet tube
`1
`I
`needs.
`In recent years, tv set production j'
`has been between 2 million and 3 J
`million annually. From 2.9 million
`
`1.
`
`
`
`. Multichannel. Siemens' mag-.
`netic-core buff er stores up to 4,091
`characters in the five-bit teleprinter
`code, the equivalent of about 30
`feet. of punched paper tape. Since
`this is more capacity than .a single
`· channel needs, Siemens has de(cid:173)
`. signed the buff er so
`it can be
`shared among four channels and
`thus replace a quartet of tape re-:
`perfqrators. Capacity then is 1,019
`characters for each channel.
`Characters can be read into the
`·buffer at rates up to 400 a second
`for each channel and read out at
`the same maximum rate. This is
`some 10 times faster than the rate
`of a rotating drum buff er. Each
`character is read out in response to
`a request signal indicating that the
`transmitter has sent out dearly the
`preceding character. Information
`stored for a channel can be erased
`ir;i. 2 milliseconds.
`Built-in converters that operate
`at telegraph speeds as fast as 2,400
`bauds (320 characters per second)
`handle s~rial inputs and outputs of
`character code groups. Parallel out(cid:173)
`put is also possible.
`In addition to use as the buffer
`for automatic correction systems,
`the magnetic-core ma,trix equip(cid:173)
`ment can be employed for data
`speed conversion, multiaddress
`for message(cid:173)
`transmission and
`weighting centers that retransmit
`messages in order of priority rather·
`than order of arrival.
`
`210
`
`Electronics I August 22, 1966 r
`
`Siemens' teleprinter buffer with magnetic-core matrix repiaces as many
`as four conventional paper-tape reperforator units.
`
`

`

`.1
`
`Electronics Abroad
`
`:o
`
`ls , )q
`
`)· {1'
`[·
`
`1S )
`
`j
`\ sets in 1964, output climbed to 3. 7
`1. million last year. Judging from first(cid:173)
`half production, the 1966 output·
`will top 4 million sets [Electronics,
`Aug. 8, p. 302]. Along with the in-
`crease in receivers, a sharp rise in
`the number of tv broadcast sta(cid:173)
`tions is in sight over the next few
`years. Communications Minister
`Nikolai Psurtsev forecasts the num(cid:173)
`ber of stations will grow from the
`existing 500 to 800 by 1970.
`Inside. Now that the Hungarians
`have landed the order for the tv
`tube plant, indicating the Soviets
`plan to keep their business inside
`their bloc wherever possible, France
`~l
`seems
`to be the only Western
`'.!S I
`country that stands a chance of
`n- I
`cashing in on the Soviet tv boom.
`Full-time color broadcasts will
`~a I
`start in Russia within two years,
`using the French · Secam system.
`This points to a deal on receiver
`1: ' of 1
`fabrication know-how. And Soviet
`backing of Secam apparently hinged
`on a French promise of help on a
`ill (
`Russian plant to produce the color
`fi-1.: or
`tv tube developed by Compagnie
`Fran<~aise de Television [Electron(cid:173)
`1y I
`ics, May 3, p. 157]. CFT, though,
`in
`still has to put the tube into pro(cid:173)
`. ~s.
`duction itself.
`an
`be
`
`on
`3
`on
`
`Great Britain
`
`Hard times
`At one time, throngs with an itch
`to buy flocked to Earls Court in
`London for the annual Television
`and Radio Show, turning it into a
`sellers' festival. But there'll be no
`carnival atmosphere at the 1966
`show which makes its five-day run
`this week. The show is restricted
`to people in the trade and their dis- .
`position these days tends to be
`dour.
`. For better than two years, Brit(cid:173)
`ish consumer electronics has been
`going downhill and the ·austerity
`measures recently put into effect
`by Prime Minister George Wilson's
`government [Electronics, Aug. 8, p.
`299] can only hurt it more.
`To worsen the plight of British
`111anufacturers, ·foreign competitors
`)66 i Electronics I August 22, 1966 .
`l
`
`have their eye on the market even
`though it's shrinking. During the·
`show,
`the International General
`Electric Co., the overseas arm of
`the General Electric Co., will un(cid:173)
`veil its plans to market receivers,
`record players and tape recorders
`under a new brand name, "Mono(cid:173)
`gram". GE's announcement came
`just a fortnight after the Radio
`Corp. of America made headlines
`with its plan to tap the upcoming
`color tv market in Britain with a
`color tube plant.
`·
`Sinking. The sorry state of con(cid:173)
`sumer electronics in Britain shows
`up clearly in the industry's produc(cid:173)
`tion figures. Five years ago, radio
`set makers were tu~ning out 256,- ·
`000 receivers a month. By last year,
`output had hacked off. to a monthly
`two
`rate of 159,000. The first
`months of 1966 were even worse
`with a monthly average of 129,000
`sets.
`Inroads made by foreign
`competitors, notably the Japanese,
`account in part for the decline.
`Television set production shows
`much the same pattern, Through
`1960 the industry boomed as Brit(cid:173)
`ish households acquired their first
`sets. Tv set makers then figured
`they'd have a steady replacement
`market. Instead, sales fluctuated as
`the government
`tightened and
`eased consumer credit to slow
`down or speed up a roller-coaster
`economy. From the peak of 182,000
`sets per month hit in 1964, tv out(cid:173)
`put slumped steadily to less than ·
`120,000 sets monthly through the
`first five months of 1966.
`Hoping. The only real lift in sight
`is the government's commitment
`to start color tv broadcasts next Robot tractor
`fall, using the PAL system devel-
`oped in West Germany [Electron-
`Electronic robots may one day
`ics, June 13, p. 161]. At the outset,
`drive tractors where wise men fear
`to tread.
`sets will retail for something like
`The English affiliate· of the Ford
`$750; but since rentals account for
`more than two-thirds of the black- Motor Co. recently demonstrated
`and-white sets now in use, market
`a remote-controlled tractor, largely
`forecasters generally see an eariy
`as a promotion stunt. And although
`boom for color.
`there is no program at the moment
`This sanguine. forecast discounts . to put the robot into Ford's future,
`, the discouragillg experience set
`· plans could well change. The dem(cid:173)
`makers suffered when the British
`onstrations unearthed potential ap-
`. Broadcasting Corp. ~ntroduced its
`plicatioris ranging from hauling
`second service in 1964. Until then,
`logs over ice-covered rivers in Nor(cid:173)
`tv broadcasts were on a 405-line way to handling radioactive mate(cid:173)
`standard ·in the very high fre-
`rials from atomic power stations.
`quency band. _The second service
`Fenlow Products Ltd. and C&L
`
`went on the air m the ultrahigh
`frequency band with the 625-line
`standard used on the Continent.
`Set makers expected the new stan(cid:173)
`dard to buoy their sales, but the
`boom never materialized.
`Confident that history won't re(cid:173)
`peat itself when color tv gets going,
`RCA has teamed up with Britain's
`largest tv renting company, Radio
`Rentals Ltd., to manufacture color
`tubes in northern England. The
`company
`they've
`formed-two(cid:173)
`thirds owned by RCA and one(cid:173)
`third by Radio Rentals-is called
`RCA Colour Tubes Ltd. Colour
`Tubes' plant will be producing 19-
`inch and 25-inch tubes by mid-1961
`for British and West European
`markets. A good part of the output
`will go to Radio Rentals' set-pro(cid:173)
`ducing facility. RCA president
`Robert Sarnoff predicts sales of
`color sets· in West Europe will rise
`from about 300,000 in 1968
`to
`nearly 2 million by 1972.
`Looking. With foreign competi(cid:173)
`tion growing, British manufactur(cid:173)
`ers have started to seek new mar(cid:173)
`kets with high-volume potential.
`One field is domestic appliances.
`Manufacturers
`are
`considering
`solid state speed controls, level in(cid:173)
`dicators and temperature sensors
`for washing machines, speed con(cid:173)
`trols for electric drills, even Peltier(cid:173)
`effect devices for wine coolers. But
`as a spokesman for the industry
`points out, these ideas are for pro(cid:173)
`duction in three years or so and
`will be little help in the tough
`period immediately ahead ..
`
`11
`
`211
`
`

`

`Electronics Abroad
`
`Tractor-mounted receiver picks up binary-coded control signals.
`
`Developments Ltd. teamed up. to
`develop the remote-control system.
`It can handle up to 28 functions
`simultaneously-starting or stop(cid:173)
`ping the tractor, shifting its gears
`through three forward speeds and
`two reverse speeds, steering it,
`braking it, turning its lights off and
`on, speeding it up, slowing it down
`and cutting the power takeoff in
`and out. The operating range ex(cid:173)
`tends from 10 feet to 200 yards.
`Coded. At the control transmit(cid:173)
`ter,
`pushbuttons
`and
`toggle
`switches establish pulse patterns
`for each control function. The cod(cid:173)
`ing is binary, with pulse durations
`of 250 microseconds or
`longer.
`Logic scanning circuits in the trans(cid:173)
`mitting unit sequentially sample
`the pushbutton positions and as(cid:173)
`semble the coded signals for trans(cid:173)
`mission six times per second.
`Aboard the tractor, a superheter(cid:173)
`odyne receiver with a bandwith of
`5 kilohertz picks up the control
`pulse patterns and feeds them to
`· a logic decoding matrix. There, in(cid:173)
`dividual signals are sorted out and
`applied to solid state holding cir(cid:173)
`cuits. The holding circuits drive
`switching transistors that operate
`hydraulic actuators or relays in the
`tractor's electrical circuits. Signal
`lamps on the receiver show which
`channels are operative.
`Problems. The toughest problem
`in developing the remote-control
`system was getting around the
`radio interference during start-up
`since current surges in the tractor's
`
`212
`
`starter couldn't be suppressed.
`This was solved by delay circuits
`that transmit the start signal over
`a preset duration.
`Fail-safe insurance also had to
`be built into the system. To make
`sure the tractor won't continue run(cid:173)
`ning if the transmitter goes·· out,
`there's a continuously transmitted
`signal that holds open a fuel supply
`valve spring-loaded to close when
`the signal stops. Also, the £1ter
`circuit that removes the 200 hertz
`sampling frequency for the control
`signals is monitored. If this sam(cid:173)
`pling ripple disappears, the trac(cid:173)
`tor's controls are deactivated.
`
`Italy
`
`Just checking
`Time was when checking out a
`long microwave link having many
`repeaters meant
`trotting out a
`dozen or more separate instru(cid:173)
`ments. And all too often the checks
`at repeater stations. were b'ased on
`amplitude response of the inter(cid:173)
`mediate frequency, at best a rough
`measure of the intermodulation dis(cid:173)
`tortion that determines how well a
`repeater performs.
`instrument
`Now,
`an
`Italian
`maker has .put on the market a
`three-rack portable test set that can
`handle a dozen key checks on a
`microwave link. Although the price
`
`tag runs from $6,500 to $9,000, de(cid:173)
`pending on accessories, Societa
`Generale di Telefonia ed Elettron- 1
`ica S.pA (SGTE) already has 30
`orders for its microwave-link check-
`out equipment and expects sales
`
`I
`will run around 200 to 250 sets a r
`·
`l
`
`year-until a competitor comes up /
`with something comparable. SGTE .
`·is a subsidiary of the General Tele-
`phone. & Electronics Corp.
`The group. SGTE stole a march ,
`on other microwave-link test equip-·
`ment manufacturers by marketing
`a portable tester that measures
`group delay in video and interme(cid:173)
`diate frequency circuits, modula-. ,
`tors and demodulators. Group
`delay measurements check a cir(cid:173)
`cuit's phase-versus-frequency line(cid:173)
`arity and give a better indication
`of intermodulation distortion than
`amplitude-versus-frequency tests.
`The unit can also measure the
`amplitude response of microwave
`circuits that contain nonlinear ele(cid:173)
`ments such as limiters, converters
`and traveling wave tubes. It is im(cid:173)
`portant to know the response of
`each circuit to make sure that a .
`variation in one does not compen-·;
`sate a variation in another.
`'
`Triplet. The complete set con(cid:173)
`tains three basic units: a generator;
`set, a receiver assembly and an'
`oscilloscope rack fitted with a pair \ .
`of cathode-ray tubes. Both genera-'.~
`tor and receiver caljl. take plug-in ,j
`modules to adapt the test set to the ) :
`baseband· frequency of the link.·(1 •
`The switch from a broadband link '~
`to a narrow-band link, for example,
`is accomplished by slipping in a
`27.8-kilohertz i-f module instead of
`a 278-khz module. In the generator, '
`a single circuit serves either as a'
`sweep or as an f-m modulator.
`Because of the three-unit design, :
`tests on an entire network can be'..
`centralized using a single genera-,~
`tor set at a ,main station and one
`or more receiver sets brought in
`to successive repeater stations.
`Reference traces on the oscillo(cid:173)
`scopes make possible readout of;
`absolute test values in 0.1-decibel"'
`steps. In addition, the scopes dis-
`play, along with the test traces,
`calibration traces that indicate al(cid:173)
`lowable variations in amplitude, ·
`differential gain, differential phase
`.and the like.
`
`Electronics I August 22, 1966.
`
`