To:
`
`Subject:
`
`Sent:
`
`Sent As:
`
`Attachments:
`
`MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD. (mail@hsml.com)
`
`TRADEMARK APPLICATION NO. 78636791 - µ-SHEET - 8279.821US01
`
`2/27/07 11:14:28 AM
`
`ECOM113@USPTO.GOV
`
`Attachment - 1
`Attachment - 2
`Attachment - 3
`Attachment - 4
`Attachment - 5
`Attachment - 6
`Attachment - 7
`Attachment - 8
`Attachment - 9
`Attachment - 10
`Attachment - 11
`Attachment - 12
`Attachment - 13
`Attachment - 14
`Attachment - 15
`Attachment - 16
`Attachment - 17
`Attachment - 18
`Attachment - 19
`Attachment - 20
`Attachment - 21
`Attachment - 22
`Attachment - 23
`Attachment - 24
`Attachment - 25
`Attachment - 26
`Attachment - 27
`Attachment - 28
`Attachment - 29
`Attachment - 30
`Attachment - 31
`Attachment - 32
`Attachment - 33
`Attachment - 34
`Attachment - 35
`Attachment - 36
`Attachment - 37
`Attachment - 38
`Attachment - 39
`Attachment - 40
`Attachment - 41
`Attachment - 42
`Attachment - 43
`Attachment - 44
`
`

`
`[Important Email Information]
`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`
`(cid:160) (cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160) SERIAL NO:(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)
`(cid:160) (cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)
`(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160) APPLICANT:(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)
`
`MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD.
`
`78/636791
`
`*78636791*
`
`RETURN ADDRESS:(cid:160)
`Commissioner for Trademarks
`P.O. Box 1451
`Alexandria, VA 22313-1451
`
`Please provide in all correspondence:
`
`(cid:160)1
`
`.(cid:160) Filing date, serial number, mark and
`applicant's name.
`(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)
`2.(cid:160) Date of this Office Action.
`3.(cid:160) Examining Attorney's name and
`(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160) Law Office number.
`4. Your
`telephone number and e-mail
`address.
`
`(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160) CORRESPONDENT ADDRESS:
`(cid:160) KRISTINA M.(cid:160) FOUDRAY
`(cid:160) HAMRE, SCHUMANN, MUELLER & LARSON, P.C.
`(cid:160) P.O.(cid:160) BOX 2902-0902
`(cid:160) MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55402
`(cid:160)
`
`µ-SHEET
`
`(cid:160) (cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160) MARK:(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)
`(cid:160) (cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160) CORRESPONDENT’S REFERENCE/DOCKET NO :(cid:160)(cid:160) 8279.821US01
`(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160) CORRESPONDENT EMAIL ADDRESS:(cid:160)(cid:160) mail@hsml.com
`
`(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)
`
`OFFICE ACTION
`
`(cid:160)R
`
`ESPONSE TIME LIMIT:(cid:160) TO AVOID ABANDONMENT, THE OFFICE MUST RECEIVE A PROPER RESPONSE TO THIS OFFICE
`ACTION WITHIN 6 MONTHS OF THE MAILING OR E-MAILING DATE.(cid:160)(cid:160)
`MAILING/E-MAILING DATE INFORMATION:(cid:160) If the mailing or e-mailing date of this Office action does not appear above, this
`information can be obtained by visiting the USPTO website at http://tarr.uspto.gov/, inserting the application serial number, and viewing the
`prosecution history for the mailing date of the most recently issued Office communication.
`
`(cid:160)S
`
`erial Number(cid:160) 78/636791
`
`(cid:160)T
`
`HIS IS A FINAL ACTION
`
`This letter responds to applicant’s communication filed on January 31, 2007. (cid:160) In the response, applicant provided an amended identification of
`goods and argued against the Section 2(e)(1) refusal.(cid:160) The amended identification of goods remains unacceptable as it includes goods which fall
`into multiple classes. Accordingly, the requirement for an acceptable identification of goods is made FINAL for the reasons set forth below.
`
`After careful consideration of applicant’s arguments, the examining attorney hereby withdraws the Section 2(e)(1) refusal. (cid:160)(cid:160)
`Identification of Goods- FINAL Requirement
`
`(cid:160)A
`
`pplicant’s original identification of goods read, “Magnetic flux convergence materials; Materials consisting of plastics and magnetic
`substances, used in manufacture of electronic devices; Materials consisting of plastics and magnetic substances, used for improving reception
`performance of electronic devices; Electromagnetic interference shielding materials; Radio-wave absorbing materials; Electromagnetic-wave
`absorbing materials; Magnetic shielding materials; Electromagnetic shielding materials; Electrical insulating materials; and Flexible insulating
`materials.” (cid:160) Applicant was advised that the wording was overly broad, included goods in multiple classes, and required further clarification as to
`the nature of the goods.(cid:160) In response, applicant amended to “Magnetic shielding magnetic sheets used for electronic devices; magnetic shielding
`resin sheets used for electronic devices; electrical insulating materials.” (cid:160) Applicant was again advised that the identification included goods in
`multiple classes.(cid:160) Applicant’s response of January 31, 2007 is as follows:
`
`(cid:160)C
`
`lass 17: Ferrite sheets for shielding the magnetic field, used in electronic devices; electrical insulating materials
`
`(cid:160)T
`
`he wording, “electrical insulating materials” is acceptable, as written in Class 17. (cid:160) The wording “ferrite sheets for shielding the magnetic field,
`used in electronic devices,” requires some clarification, and reclassification.
`
`(cid:160)F
`
`errites are ceramic materials used in magnetic applications.(cid:160) Magnets are generally classified in Class 9.(cid:160) Goods such as magnetic cores are
`
`(cid:160)
`

`
`classified in Class 9.(cid:160) It appears that applicant’s ferrite sheets are in the nature of magnetic cores. ( See attached evidence from wikipedia.org and
`the online Identification Manual.)(cid:160) Accordingly, applicant must clearly identify and classify the goods as such.(cid:160) Applicant must either delete
`these goods or add the goods, using acceptable language, to International Class 9.(cid:160) 37 C.F.R. §§2.32(a)(7) and 2.85; TMEP §1401.04(b). The
`examining attorney has also(cid:160) attached third-party registrations showing that magnetic cores and ferrites are properly classified in Class 9.
`
`(cid:160)A
`
`pplicant may amend to one or more of the following identifications of goods:
`
`(cid:160)C
`
`(cid:160)C
`
`lass 9:(cid:160) Magnetic cores used in electronics in the nature of ferrite sheets for shielding the magnetic field
`
`lass 17: Electrical insulating materials
`
`(cid:160)T
`
`he examining attorney may make any requirements necessary to ensure that the identification is clear and accurate and conforms to the
`requirements of the statute and rules.(cid:160) When an applicant has submitted an indefinite identification of goods or services, it is Office practice to
`suggest an acceptable identification.(cid:160) However, it is the applicant's duty and prerogative to identify the goods and services.(cid:160)(cid:160) TMEP Section
`1402.01(d).
`
`(cid:160)P
`
`lease note that while an application may be amended to clarify or limit the identification, additions to the identification are not permitted.(cid:160) 37
`C.F.R. §2.71(a); TMEP §1402.06.(cid:160) Therefore, the applicant may not amend to include any goods or services that are not within the scope of the
`goods and services recited in the present identification.
`
`(cid:160)F
`
`or assistance with identifying goods and/or services in trademark applications, please see the online searchable Manual of Acceptable
`Identifications of Goods and Services at http://tess2.uspto.gov/netahtml/tidm.html.
`
`(cid:160) U
`
`(cid:160)C
`
`se of the online identification manual is strongly encouraged when framing an appropriate response to this Office Action.
`
`ombined Applications
`
`(cid:160)A
`
`pplicant has identified goods in two classes, however, only one class has been paid for.
`If applicant prosecutes this application as a combined, or multiple-class application, applicant must comply with each of the following for those
`goods and/or services based on an intent to use the mark in commerce under Trademark Act Section 1(b):
`
`(1)(cid:160)(cid:160) Applicant must list the goods and/or services by international class with the classes listed in ascending numerical order; and
`
`(2)(cid:160)(cid:160) Applicant must submit a filing fee for each international class of goods not covered by the fee already paid (current fee
`information should be confirmed at http://www.uspto.gov).(cid:160) Please note applicant has paid only for one class, and must pay an additional
`fee for the additional class in order to keep all goods identified.
`
`(cid:160)3
`
`7 C.F.R. §2.86(a)(2); TMEP §§810 and 1403.01.
`
`(cid:160)R
`
`esponse to FINAL Office Action/ Partial Abandonment Advisory
`
`(cid:160) I
`
`f applicant does not respond within six months of the mailing date of this final action, then the following to which the final refusal(s) and/or
`
`requirement(s) apply will be deleted from the application:(cid:160) Ferrite sheets for shielding the magnetic field, used in electronic devices.(cid:160)(cid:160)
`
`The application will proceed forward for the remaining goods, namely, “Electrical insulating materials.”
`
`(cid:160)1
`
`5 U.S.C. §1062(b); 37 C.F.R. §2.65(a).
`
`(cid:160)A
`
`pplicant may respond to this final action by:(cid:160)(cid:160)
`
`(1)(cid:160)(cid:160) submitting a response that fully satisfies all outstanding requirements, if feasible (37 C.F.R. §2.64(a)); and/or
`
`(2)(cid:160)(cid:160) filing an appeal to the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board, with an appeal fee of $100 per class (37 C.F.R. §§2.6(a)(18) and 2.64(a);
`TMEP §§715.01 and 1501 et seq.; TBMP Chapter 1200).
`
`(cid:160)I
`
`n certain circumstances, a petition to the Director may be filed to review a final action that is limited to procedural issues, pursuant to 37 C.F.R.
`§2.63(b)(2).(cid:160) 37 C.F.R. §2.64(a).(cid:160) See 37 C.F.R. §2.146(b), TMEP §1704, and TBMP Chapter 1201.05 for an explanation of petitionable matters.(cid:160)
`The petition fee is $100.(cid:160) 37 C.F.R. §2.6(a)(15).
`
`(cid:160)
`(cid:160)
`(cid:160)
`(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)
`

`
`/Colleen Kearney/
`Trademark Examining Attorney
`Law Office 113
`571-272-8278 (phone)
`
`(cid:160)T
`
`rademark Assistance Center: 1-800-786-9199
`
`HOW TO RESPOND TO THIS OFFICE ACTION:
`ONLINE RESPONSE:(cid:160) You may respond using the Office’s Trademark Electronic Application System (TEAS) Response to Office action
`form available on our website at http://www.uspto.gov/teas/index.html.(cid:160) If the Office action issued via e-mail, you must wait 72 hours
`after receipt of the Office action to respond via TEAS.(cid:160) NOTE:(cid:160) Do not respond by e-mail.(cid:160) THE USPTO WILL NOT ACCEPT AN
`E-MAILED RESPONSE.
`REGULAR MAIL RESPONSE:(cid:160) To respond by regular mail, your response should be sent to the mailing return address above, and
`include the serial number, law office number, and examining attorney’s name. (cid:160) NOTE:(cid:160) The filing date of the response will be the date
`of receipt in the Office, not the postmarked date.(cid:160) To ensure your response is timely, use a certificate of mailing.(cid:160) 37 C.F.R. §2.197.
`
`(cid:160)S
`
`TATUS OF APPLICATION: To check the status of your application, visit the Office’s Trademark Applications and Registrations Retrieval
`(TARR) system at http://tarr.uspto.gov.
`
`(cid:160)V
`
`IEW APPLICATION DOCUMENTS ONLINE: Documents in the electronic file for pending applications can be viewed and downloaded
`online at http://portal.uspto.gov/external/portal/tow.
`
`(cid:160)G
`
`ENERAL TRADEMARK INFORMATION: For general information about trademarks, please visit the Office’s website at
`http://www.uspto.gov/main/trademarks.htm
`
`(cid:160)F
`
`OR INQUIRIES OR QUESTIONS ABOUT THIS OFFICE ACTION, PLEASE CONTACT THE ASSIGNED EXAMINING
`ATTORNEY SPECIFIED ABOVE.
`
`(cid:160)
`(cid:160)(cid:160)
`(cid:160)
`

`
`(cid:160) N
`
`(cid:160)I
`
`ote:
`
`n order to avoid size limitation constraints on large e-mail messages, this Office Action has been split into 3 smaller e-mail messages.(cid:160)
`The Office Action in its entirety consists of this message as well as the following attachments that you will receive in separate messages:
`
`Email 1 includes the following 6 attachments(cid:160)(cid:160)
`1. ferrites(cid:160)(cid:160)
`2. magnetsID(cid:160)(cid:160)
`3. magcores(cid:160)(cid:160)
`4. evid2-1(cid:160)(cid:160)
`5. evid2-2(cid:160)(cid:160)
`
`6. evid2-3(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)
`
`Email 2 includes the following 27 attachments(cid:160)(cid:160)
`1. evid2-4(cid:160)(cid:160)
`2. evid2-5(cid:160)(cid:160)
`3. evid2-6(cid:160)(cid:160)
`4. evid2-7(cid:160)(cid:160)
`5. 76221545P001OF002(cid:160)(cid:160)
`6. 76221545P002OF002(cid:160)(cid:160)
`7. 76323846P001OF003(cid:160)(cid:160)
`8. 76323846P002OF003(cid:160)(cid:160)
`9. 76323846P003OF003(cid:160)(cid:160)
`10. 76336495P001OF003(cid:160)(cid:160)
`11. 76336495P002OF003(cid:160)(cid:160)
`12. 76336495P003OF003(cid:160)(cid:160)
`13. 76367045P001OF003(cid:160)(cid:160)
`14. 76367045P002OF003(cid:160)(cid:160)
`15. 76367045P003OF003(cid:160)(cid:160)
`16. 76392053P001OF003(cid:160)(cid:160)
`17. 76392053P002OF003(cid:160)(cid:160)
`18. 76392053P003OF003(cid:160)(cid:160)
`19. 76407606P001OF003(cid:160)(cid:160)
`20. 76407606P002OF003(cid:160)(cid:160)
`21. 76407606P003OF003(cid:160)(cid:160)
`22. 76411651P001OF003(cid:160)(cid:160)
`23. 76411651P002OF003(cid:160)(cid:160)
`24. 76411651P003OF003(cid:160)(cid:160)
`25. 76411652P001OF003(cid:160)(cid:160)
`26. 76411652P002OF003(cid:160)(cid:160)
`
`27. 76411652P003OF003(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)
`
`Email 3 includes the following 11 attachments(cid:160)(cid:160)
`1. 76507732P001OF004(cid:160)(cid:160)
`2. 76507732P002OF004(cid:160)(cid:160)
`3. 76507732P003OF004(cid:160)(cid:160)
`4. 76507732P004OF004(cid:160)(cid:160)
`5. 76519236P001OF004(cid:160)(cid:160)
`6. 76519236P002OF004(cid:160)(cid:160)
`7. 76519236P003OF004(cid:160)(cid:160)
`8. 76519236P004OF004(cid:160)(cid:160)
`9. 78474334P001OF003(cid:160)(cid:160)
`10. 78474334P002OF003(cid:160)(cid:160)
`
`11. 78474334P003OF003(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)
`
`Please ensure that you receive all of the aforementioned attachments, and if you do not, please contact the assigned-examining attorney.
`
`(cid:160)
`(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)
`

`
`http:t'i"en_yyikipedia. orgi'yyikii'Ferrites
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`I
`Ferrite
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`I Ferrite [magnetjs (e.g. Fe3O4 or ElaFe12O1g], ferrimagnetic ceramic materials used in magnetic applications.
`I Sol’: ferrite — magnetically solt material
`I Ferrite (iron), iron or iron alloys with a body centred cubic crystal structure.
`I
`Ferrite core, placed on the end of data cables to reduce interference, used as a Choke [electronics].
`_
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`This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. it an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
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`Categories: Disambiguation I Iron compounds I Metallurgy
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`IIDIE Magnet wire for use in making electromagnets
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`/ core is the core of an electromagnet or inductor. The properties of an electromagnet or
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`Contents [hide]
`
`1 Commonly used i"
`core structures?
`1.1 Straight cylindrical rod
`
`I Permanent link
`' Cite lIl1lS article
`
`in other languages
`_ Frangais
`
`1.2 Single "l" core
`13 "C" or "U" core
`
`1-élllzllcore
`1.—-.1 "E" and "|" core
`1.—-.2 Pair of "E" cores
`1.5 Pot core
`
`1.6 Toroidal core
`
`1.? Planar core
`
`-2 Core loss
`
`2.1 Hysteresis loss
`“'3
`'7' l:Plrli.i PI Irrant Inc-C
`
`

`
`http:fl’2D9.85.1E5.1Dt1fsearch?q=cache:‘r'htLsDLiMJ|.J:en.wikipedia.orqfwikiflirlaqnetic core+madnetic+cores+ferrite+s
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`2.2 Eddy current loss
`
`2.3 Movement ofE domains
`
`3 Common; core materials
`3.1 Laminated silicon steel
`3.1.1 Lamination
`
`3.1.2 Silicon aloying
`
`3.2 carbonyl iron
`
`3.3 lron powder
`
`3-4
`4 See also
`4.1 References
`
`5 External links
`
`Commonly usedE core structures
`
`Straight cylindrical rod
`
`[edit]
`
`[edit]
`
`or similar material, and used in radios especially for tuning an
`Most commonly made of the
`inductor. The rod sits in the middle of the coil and small adjustments of the rod position will fine tune the
`
`In radio circuits, a dob of
`inductance. Often the rod is threaded to allow adjustment with a screwdriver.
`wax or resin is used once the inductor has been tuned to prevent the core from moving.
`
`The presence of the high permeability core increases the inductance but the field must still spread into
`
`the air at the ends of the rod. The path through the air ensures that the inductor remains linear.
`
`In this
`
`type of inductor radiation occurs at the end of the rod and electromagnetic interference may be a
`problem in some circumstances.
`
`Single ''I'' care
`
`Like a cylindrical rod but square. rarely used on its own.
`
`"C" or "U" core
`
`[edit]
`
`[edit]
`
`U and C—shaped ‘cores are the simplest solution to form a closed2 circuit, when used
`alongside a for another 0 or U’ core.
`
`

`
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`
`
`a U—shaped core, with sharp corners
`
`the C—shaped core, with rounded corners
`
`"E" core
`
`[edit]
`
`E—shaped core are more symetric solutions to form a closed; system. Most of the time, the
`electric circuit is wound around the center leg, whose section area is twice that of each individual outer
`
`
`
`Classical Ecore
`
`The EFD’ core allows for
`construction of inductors or
`
`The ER core has a
`
`cylindrical central leg.
`
`transformers with a lower profile
`
`the EP core is halfways
`between a Eaiid a pol
`core
`
`"E" and "|" core
`
`[edit]
`
`are stacked with
`-' of suitable iron stamped out in shapes like the (sans—serif) letters "E" and
`
`the "|" against the open end of the "E" to form 3—|egged structure; coils can be wound around any leg,
`
`but usually the center leg is used. This type of core is much used for power transformers,
`autotransformers, and inductors.
`
`
`Pair of "E" g,
`_
`
`Again used for iron
`Similar to using an "E" and ''I''
`
`together, a pair of "E"
`accommodate a larger coil
`
`"
`
`
`
`Construction of an
`
`5‘
`
`inductor using two ER
`.-‘Cs’-./I.'¢.<-2.!
`.
`.
`-
`
`former and can produce a larger
`inductor or transformer.
`If an air
`
`gap is required, the centre leg of
`
`
`
`|:vn|nr*h:n-i\..Ii:nn.I n'F ‘H-"ID P'H'Ci\.'il'Illl."
`
`El
`
`

`
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`a plastic bobbin and
`two clips. The bobbin has
`pins to be soldered to a
`printed circuit board.
`
`Hap ICI
`
`|Gl_.|LJ|| Cu, LIIU L.-UIILI 0 I59 UI
`
`the "E" is shortened so that the
`
`air gap sits in the middle of the
`
`coil to minimise fringing and
`reduce electromagnetic interference.
`
`Exploded view of the previous
`figure showing the structure
`
`5'
`
`Pot core
`
`[edit]
`
`or similar. This is used for inductors and transformers. The
`Usually
`
`shape of a pot core is round with an internal hollow that almost completely
`
`encloses the coil. Usually a pot core is made in two halves which fit together
`
`around a coil former (bobbin). This design of core has a shielding effect,
`
`preventing radiation and reducing electromagnetic interference.
`
`a pot core of 'RM' 5'
`M33
`
`Toroidal core
`
`[edit]
`
`This design is based on a circular toroid, similar in shape to a doughnut. The
`
`coil is wound through the hole in the doughnut and around the outside, an ideal
`coil is distributed evenly all around the circumference of the doughnut. This
`
`geometry will turn the‘ field around into a full loop and thus will
`naturally keep the majority of the field constrained within the core material.
`
`It
`
`
`
`Atoroidal core
`
`-57‘
`
`makes a highly efficient and low radiation transformer, popular in hi—fi audio
`amplifiers where desirable features are: high power, small volume and minimal electromagnetic
`
`interference. It is, however, more difficult to wind an electrical circuit around it than with a splitable core
`
`(a core made of two elements, like two E). Automatic winding of a toroidal core requires a specific
`machinery.
`
`
`
`A planar 'E' core 5'
`
`Planar core
`
`[edit]
`
`A planar core consists of two flat pieces of3 material, one above and
`one below the coil.
`It is typically used with a flat coil that is part of a printed
`circuit board. This design is excellent for mass production and allows a high
`
`power, small volume transformer to be constructed for low cost.
`
`It is not as
`
`ideal as either a pot core or toroidal core but costs less to produce.
`
`
`
`

`
`http:fl’2D9.85.1E5.1D11fsearch?q=cache:‘r'htLsDLiMJl.J:en.wikipedia.ordfwikiflvladnelic core+madnetic+cores+ferrite+s
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`
`
`A planar inductor
`
`57'
`
`
`
`Exploded view that shows the
`spiral track made directly on the
`printed circuit board
`
`~57‘
`
`Core loss
`
`[edit]
`
`In a transformer or inductor, some of the power that would ideally be transferred through the device is
`
`lost in the core, resulting in heat. There are various reasons for such losses, the primary ones being:
`
`Hysteresis loss
`
`[edit]
`
`The larger the area of the hysteresis loop, the more loss per cycle. Hysteresis loss gets worse at lower
`frequencies.
`
`Eddy current loss
`
`[edit]
`
`The induction of eddy currents within the core causes a resistive loss. The higher the resistance of the
`core material the lower the loss. Lamination of the core material can reduce eddy current loss.
`
`Movement of— domains
`
`[edit]
`
`As the_ field changes, some‘ domains grow while others shrink, thus the walls of the
`domains can be said to move. This movement absorbs energy.
`
`Common‘ core materials
`
`[edit]
`
`

`
`http:ifl"2D9.85.1E5.1D11i'search?q=cache:‘r'htLsDLiMJ|.J:en.wikipedia.orqfwikiflvlaqnetic core+maqnetic+cores+ferrite+s
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`Laminated silicon steel
`
`Main article." Silicon sfeef
`
`[edit]
`
`Iron is desirable to makeE cores, as it can withstand high levels ofE field (up to 2.16
`
`teslas at ambient temp [1]). However, as it is a relatively good conductor, it cannot be used in bulk form:
`Intense eddy currents would appear due to the: field, resulting in huge losses (this is used in
`induction heating).
`
`Two techniques are commonly used together to increase the resistivity of iron: lamination and alloying
`of the iron with silicon
`
`Lamination
`
`[edit]
`
`LaminatedE cores are made of thin, insulated iron sheets. Using this technique, theE
`core is equivalent to many individuals circuits, each one receiving only a small fraction of the
`E flux (because their section is a fraction of the whole core section). Furthermore, these
`circuits have a resistance that is higher than that of a nen—laminater.l core, also because of their
`
`reduced section. From this, it can be seen that the thinner the laminations, the lower the eddy currents.
`
`Silicon aloying
`
`[edit]
`
`A small addition of silicon to Iron (around 3%] results in a dramatic increase of the resistivity, up to four
`
`times higher. Further increase in Silicon concentration impairs the steel's mechanical properties,
`
`causing difficulties for rolling.
`
`Among the two types of silicon steel, grain—oriented (GO) and grain non—oriented (GNO), G0 is most
`
`desirable for : cores. It is ariisutrupic, elferirig better S properties tliari GNO iri one
`
`direction. As theE field in inductor and transformer cores is static (compared to that in electric
`motors), it is possible to use (30 steel in the preferred orientation.
`
`carbonyl iron
`
`Main article: carbonyl iron
`
`[edit]
`
`Powdered cores made of carbonyl iron, a highly pure iron, have high stability of parameters across a
`
`wide range of temperatures andE flux levels, with excellent (1) factors between 50 kHz and 200
`MHZ. Carbonyl iron powders are basically constituted of micrometer—size balls of iron wrapped in an
`
`isolating layer. This is equivalent to a microscopic laminatedE circuit (see silicon steel, above),
`hence reducing the eddy currents.
`
`A popular application of carbonyl iron—basedE cores is in broadband inductors.
`
`

`
`http:ifl"2D9.85.1E5.1D11i'search?q=cache:‘r'htLsDLiMJ|.J:en.wikipedia.orgfwikiflirlagnetic core+magnetic+cores+ferrite+s
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`.-’-R DODUIEF EDDIICEIIOFI OT C8l'D0f"|3r'| IFOH-D8580: GOFES IS IN Dl'OEiC]D8l"|Cl IHGUCIOFS.
`
`Iron powder
`
`[edit]
`
`Powdered cores made of hydrogen reduced iron have higher permeability but lower Q. They are used
`
`mostly for electromagnetic interference filters and low—freguency chokes, mainly in switched—mode
`power supplies.
`
`Fieiffitie
`
`Mam arfi'ci‘e.' Fejrrjte (magnet)
`
`[edif]
`
`Felifittffif ceramics are used for high—frequency applications. The
`with a wide range of parameters.
`
`materials can be engineered
`
`See also
`
`-
`
`I
`
`-
`
`inductor
`
`transformer
`
`iEé'.r'rit'§‘imedneti
`
`References
`
`[edit]
`
`[edit]
`
`1. " Daniel Sadarnac, Les composanfs magnéfigaies de f’éfecfronig.i..ie de pwssance, cours de
`Supelec, mars 2001 [in french]
`
`External links
`
`[edit]
`
`I Toroid Winding Calculatori§ — Online calculator for
`
`and iron—powder coil winding calculations.
`
`Category: Electromagnetic components
`
`(:9 t”'t‘.'._‘,t.E?*"
`
`I‘! fi.1'iEi7.«'ii.i
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