UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE (USPTO)
`OFFICE ACTION (OFFICIAL LETTER) ABOUT APPLICANT’S TRADEMARK APPLICATION
`
`U.S. APPLICATION
`SERIAL NO.   79241638
`
`           
`
`MARK: LANTERNA
`
`CORRESPONDENT
`ADDRESS:
`  
`       YAMAO Norihito
`  
`       AOYAMA &
`PARTNERS,
`         Umeda Hankyu Bldg.
`Office Tower,
`           Osaka 530-0017
`    
`    JAPAN
`APPLICANT: Panasonic
`Corporation
`
`    
`
`*79241638*
`
`CLICK HERE TO RESPOND TO THIS
`LETTER:
`http://www.uspto.gov/trademarks/teas/response_forms.jsp
`
`   
`
`CORRESPONDENT’S
`REFERENCE/DOCKET
`
`   
`
`NO:       
`
`  N/A
`CORRESPONDENT E-
`
`MAIL ADDRESS:       
`
`INTERNATIONAL REGISTRATION NO. 1424993
`
`OFFICE ACTION
`
`STRICT DEADLINE TO RESPOND TO THIS NOTIFICATION:  TO AVOID ABANDONMENT OF THE REQUEST FOR
`EXTENSION OF PROTECTION OF THE INTERNATIONAL REGISTRATION, THE USPTO MUST RECEIVE A COMPLETE RESPONSE
`TO THIS PROVISIONAL FULL REFUSAL NOTIFICATION WITHIN 6 MONTHS OF THE “DATE ON WHICH THE NOTIFICATION
`WAS SENT TO WIPO (MAILING DATE)” LOCATED ON THE WIPO COVER LETTER ACCOMPANYING THIS NOTIFICATION.
`
`In addition to the Mailing Date appearing on the WIPO cover letter, a holder (hereafter “applicant”) may confirm this Mailing Date using the
`USPTO’s Trademark Status and Document Retrieval (TSDR) system at http://tsdr.uspto.gov/.  To do so, enter the U.S. application serial number
`for this application and then select “Documents.”   The Mailing Date used to calculate the response deadline for this provisional full refusal is the
`“Create/Mail Date” of the “IB-1rst Refusal Note.”
`
`This is a PROVISIONAL FULL REFUSAL of the request for extension of protection of the mark in the above-referenced U.S. application. 
`See 15 U.S.C. §1141h(c).  See below in this notification (hereafter “Office action”) for details regarding the provisional full refusal.
`
`The referenced application has been reviewed by the assigned trademark examining attorney.  Applicant must respond timely and completely to
`the issues below.  15 U.S.C. §1062(b); 37 C.F.R. §§2.62(a), 2.65(a); TMEP §§711, 718.03.
`
`Search of the Office Records
`The trademark examining attorney has searched the Office’s database of registered and pending marks and has found no conflicting marks that
`would bar registration under Trademark Act Section 2(d).  TMEP §704.02; see 15 U.S.C. §1052(d).
`
`Refusal to Register-Mark is Merely Descriptive
`Registration is refused because the applied-for mark merely describes a feature or characteristic of the applicant’s goods.   Trademark Act
`Section 2(e)(1), 15 U.S.C. §1052(e)(1); see TMEP §§1209.01(b), 1209.03 et seq.
`
`  A
`
` mark is merely descriptive if it describes an ingredient, quality, characteristic, function, feature, purpose, or use of an applicant’s goods.  
`
` 
` 
` 
` 
` 
` 
` 
` 
` 
` 
`

`

`TMEP §1209.01(b); see, e.g., In re TriVita, Inc., 783 F.3d 872, 874, 114 USPQ2d 1574, 1575 (Fed. Cir. 2015) (quoting In re Oppedahl & Larson
`LLP, 373 F.3d 1171, 1173, 71 USPQ2d 1370, 1371 (Fed. Cir. 2004)); In re Steelbuilding.com, 415 F.3d 1293, 1297, 75 USPQ2d 1420, 1421
`
`(Fed. Cir. 2005) (citing Estate of P.D. Beckwith, Inc. v. Comm’r of Patents , 252 U.S. 538, 543 (1920)).  
`
`The determination of whether a mark is merely descriptive is made in relation to an applicant’s goods, not in the abstract.   DuoProSS Meditech
`Corp. v. Inviro Med. Devices, Ltd., 695 F.3d 1247, 1254, 103 USPQ2d 1753, 1757 (Fed. Cir. 2012); In re The Chamber of Commerce of the U.S.,
`675 F.3d 1297, 1300, 102 USPQ2d 1217, 1219 (Fed. Cir. 2012); TMEP §1209.01(b); see, e.g., In re Polo Int’l Inc. , 51 USPQ2d 1061, 1062-63
`(TTAB 1999) (finding DOC in DOC-CONTROL would refer to the “documents” managed by applicant’s software rather than the term
`“doctor” shown in a dictionary definition); In re Digital Research Inc., 4 USPQ2d 1242, 1243-44 (TTAB 1987) (finding CONCURRENT PC-
`DOS and CONCURRENT DOS merely descriptive of “computer programs recorded on disk” where the relevant trade used the denomination
`
`“concurrent” as a descriptor of a particular type of operating system).   
`
`“Whether consumers could guess what the product [or service] is from consideration of the mark alone is not the test.”   In re Am. Greetings
`Corp., 226 USPQ 365, 366 (TTAB 1985).
`
`In this case, the applicant seeks to register “LANTERNA” for use on the following goods:
`
`            
`
`Class 9:  Visual display units; video display screens; electronic display panels; projection screens; electronic displays; digital signage;
`apparatus for recording, transmission, processing and reproduction of sound, images or data; television apparatus; audio players; video players;
`audio recorders; video recorders; audio speakers; telecommunication machines and apparatus; telecommunications transmitters; radio receivers
`and transmitters; illumination regulators; lighting control apparatus; light dimmers; electrical and electronic control apparatus and instruments;
`computers; computer software; computer software for use in operation and control of visual display units; computer software for use in operation
`and control of lamps and lighting fixtures.
`
`            
`
`Class 11:  Lamps; electric lamps; lampshades; lighting fixtures; lighting fixtures for decoration; lighting apparatus; illumination
`installations.
`
`The term “LANTERNA” is the foreign equivalent of the term “LANTERN” which refers to any hand-held light with a see-through case.  The
`foreign equivalent of a merely descriptive English term is also merely descriptive.  In re N. Paper Mills, 64 F.2d 998, 998, 17 USPQ 492, 493
`(C.C.P.A. 1933); In re Highlights for Children, Inc., 118 USPQ2d 1268, 1270 (TTAB 2016) (quoting In re Optica Int’l , 196 USPQ 775, 777
`(TTAB 1977)).  Under the doctrine of foreign equivalents, marks with foreign terms from common, modern languages are translated into English
`to determine descriptiveness.  Palm Bay Imps., Inc. v. Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin Maison Fondee en 1772, 396 F.3d 1369, 1377, 73 USPQ2d
`1689, 1696 (Fed. Cir. 2005) (citing In re Sarkli, Ltd., 721 F.2d 353, 354, 220 USPQ 111, 113 (Fed. Cir. 1983); In re Am. Safety Razor Co., 2
`USPQ2d 1459, 1460 (TTAB 1987)); see TMEP §1209.03(g).
`
`The applicant’s mark is in Italian, which is a common, modern language in the United States.  In re Ithaca Indus., Inc., 230 USPQ 702 (TTAB
`1986) (Italian).  Specifically, the evidence from Wikipedia.com shows the large number of U.S. consumers who speak this language, the foreign
`language is spoken by a sizeable world population.
`
`The doctrine is applied when “the ordinary American purchaser” would “stop and translate” the foreign term into its English equivalent.  Palm
`Bay, 396 F.3d at 1377, 73 USPQ2d at 1696 (quoting In re Pan Tex Hotel Corp., 190 USPQ 109, 110 (TTAB 1976)); TMEP §1209.03(g).  The
`ordinary American purchaser includes those proficient in the foreign language.  In re Spirits Int’l, N.V., 563 F.3d 1347, 1352, 90 USPQ2d 1489,
`
`1492 (Fed. Cir. 2009); see In re Highlights for Children, Inc., 118 USPQ2d at 1271.  
`
`In this case, the ordinary American purchaser would likely stop and translate the mark because the Italian language is a common, modern
`language spoken by an appreciable number of consumers in the United States.  Inasmuch as the applicant’s goods are lamps, lighting fixtures
`and lighting apparatus, all of which encompass lanterns, and controls, dimmers and software for sue with lamps and lighting, the proposed mark
`is merely descriptive of a feature or characteristic of the goods and does not function as an indicator of source.
`
`Although applicant’s mark has been refused registration, applicant may respond to the refusal by submitting evidence and arguments in support
`of registration.
`
`If applicant responds to the refusal, applicant must also respond to the requirement set forth below.
`
`Translation
`Applicant must submit an English translation of all foreign wording in the mark.  37 C.F.R. §§2.32(a)(9), 2.61(b); see TMEP §809.  In the present
`case, the wording “ LANTERNA” requires translation.
`
` 
` 
` 
` 
` 
` 
` 
` 
`

`

`The following translation statement is suggested:  
`The English translation of the word “ LANTERNA” in the mark is “ LANTERN”.   
`
`TMEP §809.03.  See attached translation evidence.
`
`Identification of Goods
`The identification of goods is indefinite and must be clarified because the following wording is indefinite:  
`
`Class 9:  visual display units; electronic displays; television apparatus; audio players; video players; telecommunication machines and apparatus;
`light dimmers; electrical and electronic control apparatus and instruments.
`
`Class 11:  lighting apparatus; illumination installations.
`
`As further set forth in bold font below, this wording requires additional specificity to clarify the nature of the goods.  See 37 C.F.R. §2.32(a)(6);
`
`TMEP §1402.01.  Applicant may adopt the following identification, if accurate:  
`
`Class 9:  visual display units, namely, {specify common commercial names of goods, e.g., digital signage display panels, electronic LCD
`display unit with multi-networking (TCP/IP) capabilities; video display screens; electronic display panels; projection screens; electronic
`displays namely, {specify common commercial names of goods, e.g., digital signage}; digital signage; apparatus for recording, transmission,
`processing and reproduction of sound, images or data; television apparatus for {specify purpose, e.g., projection purposes}; {specify type, e.g.,
`digital} audio players; video {clarify type, e.g., disc} players; audio recorders; video recorders; audio speakers; telecommunication machines
`and apparatus, namely, {specify common commercial names of goods, e.g., telecommunication multiplexers}; telecommunications
`transmitters; radio receivers and transmitters; illumination regulators; lighting control apparatus; {clarify type, e.g., electric} light dimmers;
`electrical and electronic control apparatus and instruments for {specify purpose, e.g., lighting control apparatus}; computers; computer
`software for {specify function, e.g., lighting control for use in commercial and industrial facilities}; computer software for use in operation
`and control of visual display units; computer software for use in operation and control of lamps and lighting fixtures.
`
`Class 11:  Lamps; electric lamps; lampshades; lighting fixtures; lighting fixtures for decoration; lighting apparatus, namely, {specify common
`commercial names of goods, e.g., lighting installations}; illumination installations, namely, {specify common commercial names of goods,
`e.g., lighting installations}.
`
`For assistance with identifying and classifying goods and services in trademark applications, please see the USPTO’s online searchable U.S.
`Acceptable Identification of Goods and Services Manual.   See TMEP §1402.04.
`
`Applicant may amend the identification to clarify or limit the goods and/or services, but not to broaden or expand the goods and/or services
`beyond those in the original application or as acceptably amended.   See 37 C.F.R. §2.71(a); TMEP §1402.06.   Generally, any deleted goods
`and/or services may not later be reinserted.   See TMEP §1402.07(e).
`
`WHO IS PERMITTED TO RESPOND TO THIS PROVISIONAL FULL REFUSAL:  Any response to this provisional refusal must be
`personally signed by an individual applicant, all joint applicants, or someone with legal authority to bind a juristic applicant (e.g., a corporate
`officer or general partner).  37 C.F.R. §§2.62(b), 2.193(e)(2)(ii); TMEP §712.01.  If applicant hires a qualified U.S. attorney to respond on his or
`her behalf, then the attorney must sign the response.  37 C.F.R. §§2.193(e)(2)(i), 11.18(a); TMEP §§611.03(b), 712.01.  Qualified U.S. attorneys
`include those in good standing with a bar of the highest court of any U.S. state, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and other U.S.
`commonwealths or U.S. territories.  See 37 C.F.R. §§2.17(a), 2.62(b), 11.1, 11.14(a); TMEP §§602, 712.01.  Additionally, for all responses, the
`proper signatory must personally sign the document or personally enter his or her electronic signature on the electronic filing.  See 37 C.F.R.
`§2.193(a); TMEP §§611.01(b), 611.02.  The name of the signatory must also be printed or typed immediately below or adjacent to the signature,
`or identified elsewhere in the filing.  37 C.F.R. §2.193(d); TMEP §611.01(b).
`
`In general, foreign attorneys are not permitted to represent applicants before the USPTO (e.g., file written communications, authorize an
`amendment to an application, or submit legal arguments in response to a requirement or refusal).  See 37 C.F.R. §11.14(c), (e); TMEP §§602.03-
`
`.03(b), 608.01.  
`
`DESIGNATION OF DOMESTIC REPRESENTATIVE:  The USPTO encourages applicants who do not reside in the United States to
`designate a domestic representative upon whom any notice or process may be served.  TMEP §610; see 15 U.S.C. §§1051(e), 1141h(d); 37
`
` 
` 
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` 
`

`

`C.F.R. §2.24(a)(1)-(2).  Such designations may be filed online at http://www.uspto.gov/trademarks/teas/correspondence.jsp.     
`
`/Patty Evanko/
`Patty Evanko
`Examining Attorney
`Law Office 119
`571-272-9404
`patty.evanko@uspto.gov (informal questions only)
`
`TO RESPOND TO THIS LETTER:   Go to http://www.uspto.gov/trademarks/teas/response_forms.jsp.   Please wait 48-72 hours from the
`issue/mailing date before using the Trademark Electronic Application System (TEAS), to allow for necessary system updates of the application. 
`For technical assistance with online forms, e-mail TEAS@uspto.gov.  For questions about the Office action itself, please contact the assigned
`trademark examining attorney.  E-mail communications will not be accepted as responses to Office actions; therefore, do not respond to
`this Office action by e-mail.
`
`All informal e-mail communications relevant to this application will be placed in the official application record.
`
`WHO MUST SIGN THE RESPONSE:  It must be personally signed by an individual applicant or someone with legal authority to bind an
`applicant (i.e., a corporate officer, a general partner, all joint applicants).  If an applicant is represented by an attorney, the attorney must sign the
`
`response.  
`
`PERIODICALLY CHECK THE STATUS OF THE APPLICATION:   To ensure that applicant does not miss crucial deadlines or official
`notices, check the status of the application every three to four months using the Trademark Status and Document Retrieval (TSDR) system at
`http://tsdr.uspto.gov/.   Please keep a copy of the TSDR status screen.   If the status shows no change for more than six months, contact the
`Trademark Assistance Center by e-mail at TrademarkAssistanceCenter@uspto.gov or call 1-800-786-9199.   For more information on checking
`status, see http://www.uspto.gov/trademarks/process/status/.
`
`TO UPDATE CORRESPONDENCE/E-MAIL ADDRESS:  Use the TEAS form at http://www.uspto.gov/trademarks/teas/correspondence.jsp.
`
` 
` 
` 
` 
`  
`

`

`
`
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`E Dictionary
`
`Translate
`
`Grammar
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`English
`"lantern" in English
`: See all translations
`
`
`
`
`Lighting E light fittings in the home
`
`
`Get 1.75% APY* m 27 R 0
` Meaning of “lantern” in the English Dictionary
`With a BusmessAdvantage Savmgs a((0unt
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`American Exa pies
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`noun[Cl - UK» t‘laenien/ US a / laen,tan/
`container itself
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`— Thesaunrs: synonyms and related words
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`candlestick
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`hurricane lamp
`lamp
`gaslight
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`searchlight
`solarlantern
`standard lamp
`torchlight
`uplighter wick
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`
`chandelier
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`nightlight
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`lantern—iawed
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`salarlantern
`Chinese lantern
`iack-o‘-lantem
`jack-o’Jantern
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`
`«:hlithim1 emu mnmnnn,
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`

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`Collins Italian — English v
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` HANDMADE
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`
`English transiation of ‘Ianterna'
`lanterns
`Translations
`
`lanterna
`(lan‘tzrna)
`
`feminine noun
`a. (lame) (also arthiterture) lantern
`b. (faro) lighthouse
`
`
`
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`
`
`
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`'lanterna' in Other Languages
`British English: law erg noun
`A lantern is a lamp in a metal frame with glass sides and with a handle on top so you can carry it.
`American English: lantern
`ltalian lanterna
`Braillian Portuguese lanterna
`iapanes
`iéEl/ffi)?’
`Korean‘ 373%
`Chinese: NE
`European Spanish: fare!
`European é’or‘tuguese: lanterna
`Spanish iarol
`Germa n Laterne
`. French: lanterne
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`Translateyour text for tree
`
`The declarative
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`Join the Collins Community
`All the latest wordy news, linguistir
`insightsv offers and competitions
`every month.
`v Read more
`
`

`

`6/
`
`F VIM MOI'!
`
`Latest Word Submissions
`suurfaux
`cc (verb)
`Disinvest
`runza
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`
`Nearby words of ‘lanterna'
`
`Related Terms of 'lanterna‘
`
`
`
`
`iantema
`lemma were,
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`lanterning
`
`All ITALlAN words that begin with ‘L’
`
`Source
`
`
`Translation of lanterna from the ggllins l‘alla,r?59,,Efl-§|l§hp‘c
`
`
`
`Browse the Italian-English
`Dictionary
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`Many languages are sggken, gl historically nave neen spoken In the Unlleg Slates Today over 350 languages ale used by the U S pgglllabtm [3M4] The most Commonly used language is English (specificalw. American
`English), which is the de lacto nahonal language oilhe United States Since lhe 1955 Immigration Act, Spanish is lhe second most common language in the couniry. The Unned slales does nol have an official
`language, hui 32 slaie govemrrierns out oi 50 have declared English to he one, or the gnly, olnclal language The governmenl ol Louisiana oilers services and mostdocunierns in gain English and French as does New
`MENCQ In EHQIVSI‘ and Spanlsn. Tlie gDVemnlenl 0f Plleno RlCO, a U S lenitoly. operales almost enllrely In SDaHISH, even muugll “S officlal languages are Spanish and English. were are many languages lndlgenousin
`New America OI lfl U S States Dr holdings I" "IS Pacific region. Hawallan, allllollgll Having 16W nallve speakers, IS an Official language along Wfln Engllsrl of "le slate OT Hawaii Alaska ufficiallzes English en“ iwenty
`”3W3 languages
`ACCUFUHIQ IO me 2016 Amerlcan Communlly Survey, a pmjecl UT lne Unlleu Stales CENSUS Bureau, "IE languages spoken at home Dy {”9 ITIOSI people DIUEF lnan five years Of age are.
`1 English only—223 7 million
`2 Spanish 7 40 5 million
`3 Chinese (including Mandarin and Cantonese) — 3 4 million
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`4 Ta alo
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`Inn 7 1 7 million
`9
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`5 VlEmamESe - 1 5 '7‘?“an
`6 Arabic , 1 2 m
`
`7 French 7 1 2 mm"
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`8 Korean 71.1 mllllgn
`9 RUSSia“ P 0 9' "limo"
`10 Gel‘mal‘l e n 91 million
`.
`11 Haitian Creole 70 55 niriliori
`12 Hindi in 31 million
`13 ponuggese , g 77 million
`14 Italian ea 53 millign
`15 Polish 7 D 54 million
`15 Urdu , a 47 minim
`fl Japanese 7 u ‘6 Who“
`1S Pelslan lflClLlflln Farsi amt Dan in 44 mlllion
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`19. GUJaraIl 7 I141 mllllon
`20 Telugu e l] 37 million
`21 Bengali in 32miliiori
`Languages
`22 TaleKadal (lncludulg Trial and Lane 0 31 mllllgn
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`Deutsch
`23 Greek 7 g 29 million
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`24 Punlahi — u 25 in
`Fungags
`25. Tamil 70.27 mllllDll
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`26 Annenlane 0.24 mlllol’l
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`27. Semorcwallan (Including Bosnian, Croallan, Monteneglln, and Semlanj *0 24 "11‘an
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`23 Heorew in 23 million
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`7 29. Hmong e 0.22 million
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`30 Bantu (includingSmhtIi)— a 22 million
`31' Khme‘ ’ D 20 mm“
`32 NavaJO — 0.16 miliion
`WnlEe modem esllrnales lndlcale InaLAmellcan 5‘9” Language WES Signed fly as many GS 500,000 Amelicans, as of ISTZAM last Dmclal Survey, cluserestlmales range araunll 100,030 as 0,20‘1. (Although vanGus
`
`cultural factors. SUCH as passage Of“16 AmellCans WWI DISEDWUES Act, have FESUHEU in lar gleaier educauanal ODPOITLIHI'JES [or deal Children, WnlCh CGHm HOUNE Dl’ mple “IE number of current ASL USES )
`Contents [hide]
`1 Cincial language saius
`1 1 Status oloiher languages
`2 lndlgenaus languages
`2 l Naltve American languages
`21 l LisieiNaiive American Languages
`2 l 2 Maine American sign languages
`2 2 Ausimnesian languages
`221 Hawaiian
`2 2 2 Samoan
`2 2 3 Chamoirc
`2 2 a Caraliriian
`3 Main languages
`31 English
`3 2 Spanish
`3 3 Chinese
`3 4 Tagalog
`3 5 vieinamese
`3 5 Kglean
`3 7 French
`3 a German
`3.9 Hlnausiarii
`3 in Arabic
`311 Cherokee
`3.12 llallan
`3 13 Duich
`3 14 Finnish
`3 15 Russian
`3 15 Hearew
`317 l|gcang
`3 13 5::th Asian languages
`3 19 Telugu
`3 20 lrisn
`3 21 Khmer (Cambgdian)
`3.12 Pgllsll
`3 13 Penuguese
`3 24 Swedish
`3 15 Welsh
`3 25 Viaaish
`3 27 Tamil
`3.13 Nepali
`4 New American languages, aialens, aria creoles
`4 1 AfnCanrAmelECan English
`A 2 Chinuk Wawa or Chinook Jalgorl
`4 3 Gullah
`4 4 Hawal'l Creole English
`A 5 Louisiana Creole French
`4 6 Diner Barns languages
`4.7 Pennsylvania German
`4 3 Texas Silesian
`4 9 Chesapeake Ear lslander
`4.1a Chicane English
`411 Ramanl
`5 Slgnlanguages
`5 1 American Sign Language
`
`
`
`
`
`

`

`5i i BlackAmeiican Sign Language
`5 2 Hawaii Sign Language
`5.3 Plains Sign Talk
`5 3 t Navaio sign Language
`5 3 2 Plateau Sign Language
`5 A Manha'sVineyaid Sign Language
`5.5 I-tenniker sign Language
`5 6 Sandy RiverValley Sign Language
`5 See also
`7 Raleiences
`3 Bibliography
`9 Further reading
`l0 External links
`
`Official language status [ediil
`There is no official language at the U 5, federal level I7I However 32 states 0' the United States, In some cases as part 0' what has been called the Englishronly movement. have adopted legislation granting olficlal status t0 English Out of EU states 30 have established
`English as the only olhcial language, while Hawaii recognizes both Engtlsh and Hawaiian as orhciai, and Alaska has made some 2o native languages orncial, along with English
`Moreover, English l5 one 0' the nfflclat languages lt‘ all oflhe U S territories. lI'I Pueno RICO both English and Spanish are offlciat, although Spanish has been declared the principal official language. The school system and the government operate almost entirely In
`Spanish Guam recognizes English and ohamorro In the u S Wrglrl Islands English is the only orncial language. In American Samoa both English and Samoan are ohiciatly recognized lh the Nonhem it-lariana islands, English, Chamurro, and Carollrilah are
`official [Bilgtllflllt'l The state otAlaska provides voting inlorrnation in Inupiaq. Central yupik. Gwlch‘in, Siberian Yupik, Koyukorl and Tagalog as well as English 011
`English ls the primary language used for legislation, regulations, executive omers treaties, Tederat court rulings, and all other official pronouncements Nonetheless, laws require documents such as ballots t0 0e printed ln multiple languages when there are large numbers
`or non-English speakers in an area American schools public as well as private, requlre English classes at every grade level, even in bilingual or dual-language leaming situations.”mam "WM Semesters orEnglish composition are compulsory in virtually all u 3. colleges
`and universities to satisly requirements for associate's and bachelor‘s degrees WW" "596551
`Spanish is spoken by approximately 35 million people I131 The United States has the world's fifth largest Spanishrspeaking population outnumbered only by Mexico, Colombia, Spain, and Argentina other estrmates put the United states at over so million. second only to
`Mexico Throughout the Southwestern United States, longeeslaollshed Spanishespeaklhg communities coexist with large numbers or more recent Hispanophone immigrants Although many new Latin American immigrants are less than lluenl in English, nearly all second
`generation Hispanic Amencahs speak English huently, while only about halfsttll speak Spanish [“1
`Stratus ofolher languages [edit]
`Languages brought to the country by colonists or immigrants rrom Europe, Asia. or other parts ot the world make up a large portion ofthe languages currently used, several languages, including creoles and
`sign languages, have also developed in the United States Approximately 43o languages are spoken or signed by the poputztion or which 175 are indigenous to the area Fifiyetwo languages romierly spoken in
`the couhtry‘stel'rltory are now extinct [‘51
`According to the mod u S Census people or German ancestry make up the largest single ethnic group in the United Slates, and the German language ranks mm [163”] ltalian. Polish. and French are still
`Widely spoken among populations descending riom immigrants rrom those countries in the early 20th century butthe use or these languages is dwindling as the older generations die Russian is also spoken by
`immigrant populations.
`
`Tagalog and \netnamese have overone million speakers each in the United Slates, almostentirely Within recent immigrant populations Both languages, along With the varieties or Chinese (mostly Cantonese:
`In zooo, the Census Bureau printed the standard census questionnaires in six languages English, Spanish, korean, Chinese (in tradnional characters), Vietnamese and Tagalog
`
`Taishanese and Standard Mandarin), Japanese. and Korean, are now used in eiectlons in Alaska. Callrorhia, Hawaii, Illinois, New york Texas, and Washington [151
`Native American languages are spoken in smaller pockets or the country, but these popuialioiis are decreasing and the languages are almost never Widely used outside or reservations Besides English
`is?“ ex “in
`Spanish, French. Geiman, Navajo and other Native American languages. all other languages are usually learned rrom immigrant ancestors that came alter the time or independence or learned through some
`pgmgmgg at people 5 yam and my gym may Spanish a
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`at home 2003
`term OI education
`American Sign Language is the most common sign language in the United States although theie are unrelated sign languages which have been developed in the States and its terntories—mostly in the Pacific
`No concrete numbers exist rorsigners but something upwards orzsoooo is common.
`California has agreed (0 allow the publication OI State documents ln otherlanguages t0 represent minority groups and immigrant communities Languages such as Spanish Chinese Korean Tagalog Persian
`Russlarl, Vietnamese, and Thai appear in oiticial state documents, and the Department or Motor Vehicles publishes in nine languages “91
`In New MechO although the state constitution does not SDECIW an official language, laws are published In English and Spanish. and government materials and services are legally required (by Act) [0 be made
`accessible to speakers or both languages as well as Navayo and various Pueblo languages New Mexico also has its own dialect or Spanish which diirersrrom Spanish spoken in the rest or Latin America
`Native American languages are official or coeofficlal on many olthe l) S lndlan reservations and pueblos ln Oklahoma belore statehood in 1907, territory officials debated whelhsr or not to have Cherokee,
`Choctaw, and Muscdgee languages as COrOInClal. out the Idea never gained ground. Cherokee is olhclally recognized by the Cherokee Nation thl‘lil’l the Cherokee tribal Jurisdiction area in eastern Oklahoma [25‘
`After New Amsterdam (formerly a Dutch colony) was transrerred to English administration (becoming the Provthce of New York) in the late 17th century. English supplanted Dutch as the official language
`However “Dutch remained the primary language tormahv chill and ecclesiastical functions and most private affairs for the next century “[2” The Jersey Dutch male-ct is how extinct
`The issue or muttillngualism also applies in the states of Arizona and Texas While the constitution or Texas has no olricial language policy, Arizona passed a proposition in 2005 declaring English as the oIricial
`language [22] Nonetheless. Arizona law requires the dlSlTiDthlUll or voting ballots tl'l Spanish. as well as indigenous languages such as Navayo