To:
`
`Subject:
`
`Sent:
`
`Sent As:
`
`Attachments:
`
`Panasonic Corporation (docketingtm@hdp.com)
`
`U.S. TRADEMARK APPLICATION NO. 85207390 - NEO PLASMA - 9432-200482/
`
`3/21/2011 9:16:24 PM
`
`ECOM114@USPTO.GOV
`
`Attachment - 1
`Attachment - 2
`Attachment - 3
`Attachment - 4
`Attachment - 5
`Attachment - 6
`Attachment - 7
`Attachment - 8
`Attachment - 9
`Attachment - 10
`Attachment - 11
`Attachment - 12
`Attachment - 13
`Attachment - 14
`Attachment - 15
`Attachment - 16
`
`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE (USPTO)
`OFFICE ACTION (OFFICIAL LETTER) ABOUT APPLICANT’S TRADEMARK APPLICATION
`
`(cid:160) (cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160) APPLICATION SERIAL NO.(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)
`(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160) MARK: NEO PLASMA(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160) (cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)
`(cid:160) (cid:160)
`GREGORY A. STOBBS/GEOFFREY D. AURINI(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)
`HARNESS, DICKEY & PIERCE, P.L.C.(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)
`(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160) APPLICANT:(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)
`TROY, MI 48098-2683(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)
`(cid:160) (cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160) CORRESPONDENT’S REFERENCE/DOCKET NO :(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)
`(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)
`9432-200482/(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160) CORRESPONDENT E-MAIL ADDRESS:(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)
`
`(cid:160) Panasonic Corporation
`
`docketingtm@hdp.com
`
`OFFICE ACTION
`
`STRICT DEADLINE TO RESPOND TO THIS LETTER
`TO AVOID ABANDONMENT OF APPLICANT’S TRADEMARK APPLICATION, THE USPTO MUST RECEIVE APPLICANT’S COMPLETE
`RESPONSE TO THIS LETTER WITHIN 6 MONTHS OF THE ISSUE/MAILING DATE BELOW.
`
`(cid:160)I
`
`SSUE/MAILING DATE: 3/21/2011
`
`The referenced application has been reviewed by the assigned trademark examining attorney.(cid:160)(cid:160)
`Potential Refusal under Section 2(d)
`The trademark examining attorney has searched the Office’s database of registered and pending marks and has found no similar registered mark
`
`85207390
`
`(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160) CORRESPONDENT ADDRESS:
`(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)
`
`5445 CORPORATE DR STE 200
`
`(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)
`
`*85207390*
`
`CLICK HERE TO RESPOND TO THIS LETTER:
`http://www.uspto.gov/teas/eTEASpageD.htm
`
`(cid:160)
`(cid:160)
`

`

`that would bar registration under Trademark Act Section 2(d).(cid:160) TMEP §704.02; see 15 U.S.C. §1052(d).(cid:160) However, a mark in a prior-filed
`pending application may present a bar to registration of applicant’s mark.
`
`(cid:160)T
`
`he filing date of pending Application Serial No. 77822630 precedes applicant’s filing date.(cid:160) See attached referenced application.(cid:160) If the mark
`in the referenced application registers, applicant’s mark may be refused registration under Trademark Act Section 2(d) because of a likelihood
`of confusion between the two marks.(cid:160) See 15 U.S.C. §1052(d); 37 C.F.R. §2.83; TMEP §§1208 et seq.(cid:160) Therefore, upon receipt of applicant’s
`response to this Office action, action on this application may be suspended pending final disposition of the earlier-filed referenced application.
`
`(cid:160)I
`
`n response to this Office action, applicant may present arguments in support of registration by addressing the issue of the potential conflict
`between applicant’s mark and the mark in the referenced application. (cid:160) Applicant’s election not to submit arguments at this time in no way limits
`applicant’s right to address this issue later if a refusal under Section 2(d) issues.
`
`(cid:160)A
`
`pplicant must respond timely and completely to the issue(s) below.(cid:160) 15 U.S.C. §1062(b); 37 C.F.R. §§2.62(a), 2.65(a); TMEP §§711, 718.03.
`
`(cid:160)D
`
`isclaimer
`Applicant must disclaim the descriptive wording “PLASMA” apart from the mark as shown because it merely describes an ingredient, quality,
`characteristic, function, feature, purpose or use of applicant’s goods and/or services. (cid:160) See 15 U.S.C. §§1052(e)(1), 1056(a); In re
`Steelbuilding.com, 415 F.3d 1293, 1297, 75 USPQ2d 1420, 1421 (Fed. Cir. 2005); In re Gyulay, 820 F.2d 1216, 1217-18, 3 USPQ2d 1009, 1010
`(Fed. Cir. 1987); TMEP §§1213, 1213.03(a).(cid:160) (cid:160) In the alternative, with respect to all of the goods except for the “plasma televisions,” a pplicant
`must disclaim the deceptively misdescriptive wording “PLASMA” apart from the mark as shown because it merely describes an ingredient,
`quality, characteristic, function, feature, purpose or use of the applicant’s goods and/or services which is both false and believable. (cid:160) See 15
`U.S.C. §§1052(e)(1), 1056(a); In re Woodward & Lothrop Inc., 4 USPQ2d 1412 (TTAB 1987); In re Ox-Yoke Originals, Inc., 222 USPQ 352
`(TTAB 1983); TMEP §§1209.04, 1213.03(a). (cid:160)
`The applicant’s goods include “plasma televisions.” (cid:160) Thus, the wording PLASMA identifies a type of television featuring a plasma screen and
`as such is the common name for a type of television.(cid:160) See the attached articles and definitions.(cid:160) With respect to the remainder of the goods, it is
`unclear whether the goods feature plasma screens or displays.(cid:160) If the “video apparatus, namely slim television sets, digital video disc players or
`digital video disc recorders, all equipped with a flat display” feature plasma displays, or screens which contain a particular type of gas trapped
`between pieces of glass, then the wording PLASMA is merely descriptive in the context of the goods as it immediately conveys a feature or
`characteristic of the goods.(cid:160) However, if the goods other than the plasma televisions do not feature plasma screens or displays, then the wording
`is misdescriptive as it falsely conveys a feature or characteristic of the goods.(cid:160) The false idea created by the wording is plausible, because
`consumers are accustomed to encountering televisions, screens and display made from plasma to enhance the picture.(cid:160) See attached Wikipedia
`article.(cid:160) Thus, whether the wording is descriptive or deceptively misdescriptive, it must be disclaimed.
`
`(cid:160)A
`
` “disclaimer” is a statement that applicant does not claim exclusive rights to an unregistrable component of a mark; it does not affect the
`appearance of the mark.(cid:160) TMEP §1213.(cid:160) An unregistrable component of a mark includes wording and designs that are merely descriptive,
`generic, or deceptively misdescriptive of the goods and/or services, and is wording or an illustration that others would need to use to describe or
`show their goods and services in the marketplace.(cid:160) 15 U.S.C. §1052(e); see TMEP §§1209.03(f), 1213.03 et seq.
`
`(cid:160)T
`
`(cid:160)T
`
`he following is the standard format used by the Office:
`
`No claim is made to the exclusive right to use “PLASMA” apart from the mark as shown.
`
`MEP §1213.08(a)(i); see In re Owatonna Tool Co., 231 USPQ 493 (Comm’r Pats. 1983).
`
`(cid:160)M
`
`ark Description
`The description of the mark uses broad language that does not clearly describe the applied-for mark.(cid:160) Applications for marks not in standard
`characters must include an accurate and concise description that identifies all literal elements as well as any design elements in the mark.(cid:160) See 37
`C.F.R. §2.37; TMEP §808.02.(cid:160) Therefore, applicant must provide a more detailed description of the applied-for mark.(cid:160) The following is
`suggested:
`
`The mark consists of the stylized wording “neo plasma” and a partial rectangular frame of a television.
`
`(cid:160)I
`
`dentification of Goods
`The wording “digital video disc players or digital video disc recorders, all equipped with a flat display” in the identification of goods is
`unacceptable as indefinite and requires clarification.(cid:160) An application must specify, in an explicit manner, the particular goods or services on or in
`connection with which the applicant uses, or has a bona fide intention to use, the mark in commerce.(cid:160) See 15 U.S.C. §1051(a)(2), (b)(2); 37
`C.F.R. §2.32(a)(6); TMEP §1402.01.(cid:160) Generally, the terminology “and/or” and “or” is not sufficiently explicit language in identifications
`because it is not clear whether applicant is using the mark, or intends to use the mark, on all the identified goods or services.(cid:160) See TMEP
`§1402.03(a).(cid:160) For example, “modems and/or monitors” could be read to mean “modems or monitors” and thus it is unclear which goods
`applicant intends to identify.(cid:160) Applicant could amend the identification to “modems” alone, or “monitors” alone, or “modems and monitors” if
`applicable.(cid:160) Therefore, applicant should replace “or” with “and” in the identification of goods or services, if appropriate, or rewrite the
`
`(cid:160)
`(cid:160)
`

`

`identification with the “or” deleted and the goods or services specified using definite and unambiguous language. (cid:160)(cid:160)
`
`The applicant may adopt the following identification, if accurate:(cid:160) Plasma televisions; LCD televisions; Video apparatus, namely slim television
`sets, digital video disc players, and digital video disc recorders, all equipped with a flat display.
`
`(cid:160)A
`
`n applicant may amend an identification of goods only to clarify or limit the goods; adding to or broadening the scope of the goods is not
`
`permitted.(cid:160) 37 C.F.R. §2.71(a); see TMEP §§1402.06 et seq., 1402.07 et seq.(cid:160)(cid:160)
`
`For assistance with identifying and classifying goods and/or services in trademark applications, please see the online searchable Manual of
`Acceptable Identifications of Goods and Services at http://tess2.uspto.gov/netahtml/tidm.html.(cid:160) See TMEP §1402.04.
`
`(cid:160)I
`
`nformation For Those Affected By Japanese Earthquake(cid:160)
`Please note that the Office has outlined special accommodations available to trademark owners and applicants affected by the March 2011
`
`earthquake in Japan. Information about the accommodations can be found at http://www.uspto.gov/news/pr/2011/11-21.jsp.(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)
`
`If applicant has questions about the application or this Office action, please telephone the assigned trademark examining attorney at the telephone
`number below.
`
`/Mary Boagni/
`Examining Attorney
`Law Office 114
`571-272-9130
`Law Office 114 fax: 571-273-9114
`
`(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)
`
`TO RESPOND TO THIS LETTER: (cid:160) Go to http://www.uspto.gov/teas/eTEASpageD.htm.(cid:160) Please wait 48-72 hours from the issue/mailing date
`before using TEAS, to allow for necessary system updates of the application. (cid:160) For technical assistance with online forms, e-mail
`TEAS@uspto.gov.(cid:160) For(cid:160)questions about the Office action itself, please contact the assigned examining attorney.(cid:160)(cid:160) Do not respond to this Office
`action by e-mail;(cid:160)the USPTO does not accept e-mailed responses .
`
`(cid:160)W
`
`HO MUST SIGN THE RESPONSE:(cid:160) It must be personally signed by(cid:160)an individual applicant or(cid:160)someone with legal authority to bind an
`applicant (i.e., a corporate officer, a general partner, all joint applicants).(cid:160)(cid:160)If an applicant is represented by an attorney, the attorney must sign the
`
`response.(cid:160)(cid:160)
`PERIODICALLY CHECK THE STATUS OF THE APPLICATION: (cid:160) To ensure that applicant does not miss crucial deadlines or official
`notices, check the status of the application every three to four months using Trademark Applications and Registrations Retrieval (TARR) at
`http://tarr.uspto.gov/. (cid:160) Please keep a copy of the complete TARR screen. (cid:160) If TARR shows no change for more than six months, call
`1-800-786-9199. (cid:160) For more information on checking status, see http://www.uspto.gov/trademarks/process/status/.
`
`(cid:160)T
`
`O UPDATE CORRESPONDENCE/E-MAIL ADDRESS:(cid:160) Use the TEAS form at http://www.uspto.gov/teas/eTEASpageE.htm.
`
`(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)
`(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)(cid:160)
`

`

`Print: Mar 21 , 201 1
`
`77822631!
`
`DESIGN MARK
`
`Serial Number
`11822630
`
`Status
`EIRST ExTENSIoN — GRANTED
`
`Word Marl:
`NEo TV
`
`Standard Character Mark
`Yes
`
`Type of Merit
`TRADEMARK
`
`Register
`PRINCIPAL
`
`Mark Drawing Code
`[4]
`STANDARD CHARACTER MARK
`
`Owner
`NETGEAR, Inc. CORPORATION DELAWARE 350 East Plumeria Drive San Jose
`CALIFORNIA 95134
`
`Goodeiservicee
`G & S:
`U21 O23 O26 O36 038.
`US
`IC 009.
`Class Status -- ACTIVE.
`consumer electronics, namely, hardware, namely,
`a combination receiver
`and player for in—home reception, display and playing of video, still
`images, photographs, graphics, audio, and text from a global oomputer
`network,
`a LAN local area network,
`a wireless communications network,
`a digital camera or from a digital storage device.
`
`Diselairner Statement
`NO CLAIM IS MADE TO THE EXCLUSIVE RIGHT TO USE "TV" APART FROM THE
`MARK AS SHOWN.
`
`Filing Date
`2009f09f09
`
`Examining Attorney
`JACKSON, STEVEN
`
`Attorney of Record
`Nathan E. Ferguson
`
`

`

`NEO TV
`
`

`

`httpzflyywv-r. maomillandictionary. oomfdiotionaryfamerioanfplasma
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`Thesaurus entry forthis meaning ofplasma
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`Thesaurus entry forthis meaning ofplasma
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`; Related dictionary
`definitions
`
`; plasma Screen "0""
`plasma display Noun
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`
`This is the American English definition of plasma. View British En Iish definition of
`lasrna.
`Change your default dictionary and thesaurus to British English.
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`Link to this definition of plasma:
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`httpzflwww. macmillandictionary. comfdictionaryfamericanfplasma
`
`03:91 £2011 05:23:23 PM
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`American definition ofplasma from the online English diotionaryfrom Macmillan Publishers Limited.
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`httpzflwyw-r. macmillanclictionary. comfclictionaryfamericanfplasma-screen
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`Thesaurus entry forthis meaning ofplasma screen
`
`This is the American English definition of plasma screen. View British English definition of plasma screen.
`Change your default dictionanr and thesaurus to British English.
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`httpzflwww. macmillandictionary. comfdictionaryfamericanfplasma-screen
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`D3321 F2011 DE:2t1:2D PM
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`Buzzllkloval
`fiatforms
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`Plasma display
`
`From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
`(Redirected from Plasma television)
`
`A plasma display panel (PDP] is a type offlat panel display common to large TV
`displays (80 cmI30 in or larger). They are called "plasma" displays because the
`technology utilizes small cells containing electrically charged ionized gases, ory-that
`are in essence chambers more commonly known as fluorescent lamps.
`
`
`8.5 2888- Present
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`Contents [hide]
`‘l General characteristics
`=2 Plasma display advantages and disadvantages
`2.1 Advantages
`2.2 Disadvantages
`
`.3 Native plasma television resolutions
`3.1 Enhanced—det’inition plasmatelevision
`3.1.1 ED Resolutions
`
`3.2 High-definition plasma television
`3.2.1 HD Resolutions
`
`4 How plasma displays work
`5 Contrast ratio
`'5 Screen burn—in
`2 Environmental impact
`8 History
`8.1 1883
`8.21882
`8.31884
`8.4188?
`
`Atypical modem plasma screen television
`
`II: 7'
`
`8 Notable plasma display manufacturers
`‘18 Notable manufacturers that abandoned Plasma
`11 See also
`12 References
`13 External links
`
`Ionized gases such as the ones shown il'."l
`here are confined to millions of tiny individual
`cells across the face of a plasma disp|ay,to
`collectively form a visual image.
`
`General characteristics
`
`[edit]
`
`Plasma displays are bright (1 ,000 lux or higherforthe module), have a wide color gamut,
`and can he produced in fairly large sizes—up to 150 inches (3.8 m] diagonally. They have
`
`

`

`httpzflenwikipedia.orci:'wikifPlasma television
`
`03.u"21I2011 05:20:00 PM
`
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`a very low—|uminance "dark—room" black level compared to the lighter grey ofthe
`unilluminated parts ofan LCD screen (ie. the blacks are blacker on plasmas and greyer
`
`on LCDs).lll LED-backlit televisions have been developed to reduce this distinction.
`The display panel itselfis about 5 cm (2.5 inches) thick, generally allowing the device's
`total thickness [including electronics] to be less than 1E cm (4 inches). Plasma displays
`[ei'tatr'en needed]
`use as much ower per square meter as a CRT or an AMLCD television.
`Power consumption varies greatly with picture content, with bright scenes drawing
`significantly more powerthan darker ones — this is also rue ofCPTs. Typical power
`consumption is 400 watts for a 50-inch (12? cm) screen. 200 to 310 watts for a 50-inch
`(12? cm) disp ay when set to cinema mode.
`lvlost screens are set to 'shop' mode by
`default, which draws at least twice the power (around 5E0—?'00 watts] ofa 'home' setting of
`less extreme Jrightness.l2l Panasonic has greatly reduced power consumption ["‘ll'3 of200?' models") l3ll4l Panasonic claims that PDPs
`will consume only halfthe power oftheir previous series ofplasma sets to achieve the same overall brightness for a given display size. The
`lifetime ofthe latest generation of plasma displays is es imated at
`lDD,DDD hours of actual display time, or2F years at ID hours per day.
`
` _ '-\
`
`LL. 5.
`A 103" plasma display panel by Panasonic
`I‘:
`'
`
`This is the es imated time overwhich maximum picture brightness degrades to halfthe original va|ue.l5l
`Plasma display screens are made from glass, which re ects more light than the material used to make an LCD screen. [ci't.5-tron needed] This
`causes glare rom reflected objects in the viewing area. Companies such as Panasonic coat their newer plasma screens with an anti—g|are
`filter material. Cl-Earl-on needeal Currently, plasma panels cannot be economically manufactured in screen sizes smaller than 32 inches.
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`toward larger and larger displays, the 32in screen size is rapidly disappearing. Though considered bulky and thick compared to their LCD
`counterparts, some sets such as Panasonic's Z1 and Samsung's 0850 series are as slim as one inch thick making them comparable to
`LCDs in this respect.
`Competing display technologies include CRT, OLED, LCD, DLP, SED, LED, FED, and QLED.
`
`Plasma display advantages and disadvantages
`
`Advantages
`
`0 Picture quality
`
`[edit]
`
`[edit]
`
`' Produces deep blacks allowing for superior contrast ratiolfilmlal
`' Much widerviewing angles than those of LCD; images do not sufferfrom degradation at high angles unlike LCDsl5ll-“ll
`I Less susceptible tu refleutiuri glare in bright ruurris Llue tu nut needing baukliglitirig
`0 No visible motion blur, thanks in large part to very high refresh rates and a faster response time, contributing to superior
`performance when displaying content with significant amounts of rapid motionlfillfillgllml
`0 Physical
`0 Slim profile
`0 Can be wall mounted
`
`0 Less bulky than rear-projection televisions
`
`Disadvantages
`0 Picture quality
`0 Earlier generation displays were more susceptible to screen burn—in and image retention, although most recent models have a pixel
`orbiterthat moves the entire picture fasterthan is noticeable to the human eye, which reduces the effect ofburn—in but does not
`[12]
`prevent itllll However, turning offindividual pixels does counteract screen burn-in on modern plasma displays.
`
`[edit]
`
`

`

`httpztltlenwikipedia.orc]i'wikit'F'lasma television
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`03.-'21.f2011 05:20:00 PM
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`0 Earlier generation displays (2005 and prior) had phosphors that lost luminosity overtime, resulting in gradual decline ofabsolute
`image brightness (newer models are less susceptible to this, having lifespans exceeding 100,000 hours, far longerthan older CRT
`echnology)l5][8l
`' Earlier generation (circa 2001 and earlier) models were susceptible to "large area flicker"[13]
`'
`-leavier screen—door effect when compared to LCD or OLED based T\fs['9’im’i°” needeal
`0 Rhysical
`
`' Generally do not come in smaller sizes than 3?‘ incheslslm
`0 deavierthan LCD due to the requirement ofa glass screen to hold the gases
`0 Other
`
`0 Jse more electricity, on average, than an LCD TV
`0 Do not work as well at high altitudes due to pressure differential between the gases inside the screen and the air pressure at
`altitude.
`it may cause a buzzing noise. Manufacturers rate their screens to indicate the altitude parameters.[l4]
`0 Eorthose who wish to listen to AM radio, or are Amateur Radio operators (Hams) or Shortwave Listeners (SWL), the Radio
`Ereguency Interference (RFI) from these devices can be irritating or disablingllsl
`0 Due to the strong infrared emissions inherent with the technology, standard IR repeater systems can not be used in the viewing
`room. A more expensive "plasma compatible" sensor must be used.[°’fgf’°” ”e'3“l"°°l
`
`Native plasma television resolutions
`Further i'nformati'on.'
`."tlati'i-re resoi'uti'on
`
`[edit]
`
`Fixed—pixel displays such as plasma TVs scale the video image of each incoming signal to the native resolution ofthe display panel. The
`most common native resolutions for plasma display panels are 853xr1El0(EDT\/),1,3l3Ex?E0 or 1 ,920x1 ,000 (HDTV). As a result picture
`quality varies depending on the performance ofthe video scaling processor and the upscaling and downscaling algorithms used by each
`display manufacturernfillfll
`
`Enhanced-definition plasma television
`See aisos Em’;-anced—defi'ni'ti'on te.I'evi'.s.ion
`
`[edit]
`
`Early plasma televisions were enhanced-definition (ED) with a native resolution of0110x11El0 (discontinued) or053xr100, and down-scaled
`their irieurriirig liigli Llefiriiliuri signals tu match their native display i|:.“.:iUlUllUi|.[1R]
`
`ED Resolutions
`- 840x480
`- essxaeo
`
`High-definition plasma television
`
`[edit]
`
`[edit]
`
`Early high—detinition (HD) plasma displays had a resolution of102t1x102:'-1 and were alternate lighting of surfaces (ALiS) panels made by
`FujitsufHitachi.[19]l2Ul These were interlaced displays, with non—square pixelsm]
`ivlodern HDTV plasma televisions usually have a resolution of1 ,02r1x?'EB found on many 42 inch plasma screens, 1,200x?'50,1,3EEx?'EB
`found on 50 in, E0 in, and E5 in plasma screens, or 1 ,E:l20x1 ,0El0 found in plasma screen sizes from :12 inch to 103 inch. These displays
`are usually progressive displays, with square pixels, and will up—scale their incoming standard—detinition signals to match their native
`display resolution.l22l
`
`HD Resolutions
`
`[edit]
`
`

`

`httpzflenwikipedia.orci:'wikifF'lasma television
`
`03.l’21.u“2011 05:20:00 PM
`
`0 1024x1024
`0
`l024x?E0
`0 1200X?E8
`0
`l3EEx?E8
`0 1280x1080
`0 1920x1080
`
`How plasma displays work
`[C15-ri'fl'catr'en needed]
`
`See also: Plasma {physics}
`
`[edit]
`
`Dielectric la yer
`
`Diap i., electrode:
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`Rear plate glass
`
`A panel typically has millions oftiny cells in
`compartmentalized space between two panels of glass.
`These compartments, or "bulbs" or "cells", hold a
`mixture of noble gases and a minuscule amount of
`mercury. Just as in the fluorescent lamps over an oflice
`desk, when the mercury is vaporized and a voltage is
`applied across the cell, the gas in the cells form a
`plasma. With flow of electricity [electrons], some ofthe
`electrons strike mercury particles as the electrons move
`through the plasma, momentarily increasing the energy
`level ofthe molecule until the excess energy is shed.
`Mercury sheds the energy as ultraviolet (UV) photons.
`The UV photons then strike phosphorthat is painted on
`the inside ofthe cell. When the UV photon strikes a
`phosphor molecule, it momentarily raises the energy
`level of an outer orbit electron in the phosphor molecule,
`moving the electron from a stable to an unstable state;
`the electron then sheds the excess energy as a photon
`at a lower energy level than UV light; the lower energy
`photons are mostly in the infrared range but about 40%
`are in the visible light range. Thus the input energy is
`shed as mostly heat (infrared) but also as visible light. Depending on the phosphors used, different colors ofvisible light can be achieved.
`Each pixel in a plasma display is made up ofthree cells comprising the primary colors ofvisible light. Varying the voltage ofthe signals to
`the cells thus allows different perceived colors.
`A plasma display panel is an array of hundreds ofthousands of small, luminous cells positioned between two plates ofglass. Each cell is
`essentially a tiny neon lamp filled with rarefied neon, xenon, and other inert gases; the cells are luminous when they are electrified through
`"electrodes".l23ll24l
`
`
`
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`Pixel
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`
`Composition of plasma display panel
`
`LL!-I
`
`The long electrodes are stripes of electrically conducting material that also lie between the glass plates, in front ofand behind the cells.
`The "address electrodes" sit behind the cells, along the rear glass plate, and can be opaque. The transparent display electrodes are
`mounted in front ofthe cell, along the front glass plate. As can be seen in the illustration, the electrodes are covered by an insulating
`
`protective layer.l24l Control circuitry charges the electrodes that cross paths at a cell, creating a voltage difference between front and back.
`Some ofthe atoms in the gas ofa cell then lose electrons and become ionized, which creates an electrically conducting plasma of atoms,
`free electrons, and ions. The collisions ofthe flowing electrons in the plasma with the inert gas atoms leads to light emission; such light-
`emitting plasmas are known as glow discharges.l23ll25ll25l
`
`

`

`httpzflenwikipedia.orci:'wikifPIasma television
`
`03.-"21I2011 05:20:00 PM
`
`EFDIIIIITQ [JISSITTSS are KFIEIWIT SS QIUW oiscnarges.*"""“"*
`
`In a monochrome plasma panel, the gas is usually mostly neon, and the color is the characteristic orange ofa neon—flI|ed lamp (or sign).
`Once a glow discharge has been initiated in a cell, it can be maintained by applying a |ow—|eve| voltage between all the horizontal and
`vertical eIectrodes—even afterthe ionizing voltage is removed. To erase a cell all voltage is removed from a pair ofelectrodes. This type of
`panel has inherent memory. A small amount of nitrogen is added to the neon to increase hysteresis.IC"'f‘i"f"-on '"'ee°"e""I
`In color panels, the back ofeach cell is coated with a phosphor. The ultraviolet photons emitted by the plasma excite these phosphors,
`which give offvisible light with colors determined by the phosphor materials. This aspect is comparable to fluorescent lamps and to the
`neon signs that use colored phosphors.
`Every pixel is made up nfthree separate siihpixel cells, each with rlifferent cnlnrerl phnsphnrs One siihpixel has a red light p