To:
`
`Subject:
`
`Sent:
`
`Sent As:
`
`Attachments:
`
`Panasonic Healthcare Corporation of Nort ETC. (ip@fredlaw.com)
`
`U.S. TRADEMARK APPLICATION NO. 86689178 - PROTOCOOL - 71233
`
`10/23/2015 11:31:16 AM
`
`ECOM120@USPTO.GOV
`
`Attachment - 1
`Attachment - 2
`Attachment - 3
`Attachment - 4
`Attachment - 5
`Attachment - 6
`Attachment - 7
`Attachment - 8
`Attachment - 9
`Attachment - 10
`Attachment - 11
`Attachment - 12
`Attachment - 13
`Attachment - 14
`Attachment - 15
`Attachment - 16
`Attachment - 17
`Attachment - 18
`Attachment - 19
`Attachment - 20
`Attachment - 21
`Attachment - 22
`Attachment - 23
`Attachment - 24
`Attachment - 25
`Attachment - 26
`Attachment - 27
`Attachment - 28
`Attachment - 29
`Attachment - 30
`
`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE (USPTO)
`OFFICE ACTION (OFFICIAL LETTER) ABOUT APPLICANT’S TRADEMARK APPLICATION
`
`U.S. APPLICATION SERIAL NO.   86689178
`
`           
`
`MARK: PROTOCOOL
`
`CORRESPONDENT ADDRESS:
`  
`       JOHN PICKERILL
`  
`       Fredrikson & Byron, P.A.
`         Suite 4000
`           200 S. 6th Street
`    
`    Minneapolis MN 55402
`APPLICANT: Panasonic Healthcare Corporation of Nort ETC.
`
`    
`
`*86689178*
`
`CLICK HERE TO RESPOND TO THIS LETTER:
`http://www.uspto.gov/trademarks/teas/response_forms.jsp
`
`VIEW YOUR APPLICATION FILE
`
` 
` 
` 
` 
` 
`

`

`CORRESPONDENT’S REFERENCE/DOCKET NO :       
`CORRESPONDENT E-MAIL ADDRESS:       
`
`   
`
`  71233
`
`ip@fredlaw.com
`
`OFFICE ACTION
`
`STRICT DEADLINE TO RESPOND TO THIS LETTER
`TO AVOID ABANDONMENT OF APPLICANT’S TRADEMARK APPLICATION, THE USPTO MUST RECEIVE APPLICANT’S
`COMPLETE RESPONSE TO THIS LETTER WITHIN 6 MONTHS OF THE ISSUE/MAILING DATE BELOW.
`
`ISSUE/MAILING DATE: 10/23/2015
`
`The referenced application has been reviewed by the assigned trademark examining attorney.  Applicant must respond timely and completely to
`the issue below.  15 U.S.C. §1062(b); 37 C.F.R. §§2.62(a), 2.65(a); TMEP §§711, 718.03.
`
`SECTION 2(d) REFUSAL – LIKELIHOOD OF CONFUSION
`
`Registration of the applied-for mark, “PROTOCOOL”, is refused because of a likelihood of confusion with the mark in U.S. Registration No.
`1958400, “PROTOCOL”.   Trademark Act Section 2(d), 15 U.S.C. §1052(d); see TMEP §§1207.01 et seq.  See the enclosed registration
`attached as Exhibit 1.
`
`Trademark Act Section 2(d) bars registration of an applied-for mark that so resembles a registered mark that it is likely a potential consumer
`would be confused, mistaken, or deceived as to the source of the goods of the applicant and registrant.  See 15 U.S.C. §1052(d).  A determination
`of likelihood of confusion under Section 2(d) is made on a case-by case basis and the factors set forth in In re E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co.,
`476 F.2d 1357, 1361, 177 USPQ 563, 567 (C.C.P.A. 1973) aid in this determination.  Citigroup Inc. v. Capital City Bank Grp., Inc., 637 F.3d
`1344, 1349, 98 USPQ2d 1253, 1256 (Fed. Cir. 2011) (citing On-Line Careline, Inc. v. Am. Online, Inc., 229 F.3d 1080, 1085, 56 USPQ2d 1471,
`1474 (Fed. Cir. 2000)).  Not all the du Pont factors, however, are necessarily relevant or of equal weight, and any one of the factors may control
`in a given case, depending upon the evidence of record.  Citigroup Inc. v. Capital City Bank Grp., Inc., 637 F.3d at 1355, 98 USPQ2d at 1260; In
`re Majestic Distilling Co., 315 F.3d 1311, 1315, 65 USPQ2d 1201, 1204 (Fed. Cir. 2003); see In re E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., 476 F.2d at
`1361-62, 177 USPQ at 567.
`
`In this case, the following factors are the most relevant:  similarity of the marks, similarity and nature of the goods, and similarity of the trade
`channels of the goods.  See In re Viterra Inc., 671 F.3d 1358, 1361-62, 101 USPQ2d 1905, 1908 (Fed. Cir. 2012); In re Dakin’s Miniatures Inc. ,
`59 USPQ2d 1593, 1595-96 (TTAB 1999); TMEP §§1207.01 et seq.
`
`Similarity of the Marks
`
`Marks are compared in their entireties for similarities in appearance, sound, connotation, and commercial impression.  Stone Lion Capital
`Partners, LP v. Lion Capital LLP, 746 F.3d 1317, 1321, 110 USPQ2d 1157, 1160 (Fed. Cir. 2014) (quoting Palm Bay Imps., Inc. v. Veuve
`Clicquot Ponsardin Maison Fondee En 1772, 396 F. 3d 1369, 1371, 73 USPQ2d 1689, 1691 (Fed. Cir. 2005)); TMEP §1207.01(b)-(b)(v). 
`“Similarity in any one of these elements may be sufficient to find the marks confusingly similar.”   In re Davia, 110 USPQ2d 1810, 1812 (TTAB
`2014) (citing In re 1st USA Realty Prof’ls , Inc., 84 USPQ2d 1581, 1586 (TTAB 2007)); In re White Swan Ltd., 8 USPQ2d 1534, 1535 (TTAB
`1988)); TMEP §1207.01(b).
`
`In this case, the applied-for mark is “PROTOCOOL” and the registered mark is “PROTOCOL”. The marks are nearly identical in terms of
`sound and appearance. The only difference is that the applicant’s mark has an extra letter “O” in the last part of the word.
`  Applicant’s mark
`appears to be an intentional misspelling of the word “protocol” and a combination of the word “protocol” and “cool.” Regardless, the marks
`look and sound similar. Slight differences in the sound of similar marks will not avoid a likelihood of confusion.  In re Energy Telecomm. &
`Elec. Ass’n , 222 USPQ 350, 351 (TTAB 1983); see In re Viterra Inc., 671 F.3d 1358, 1367, 101 USPQ2d 1905, 1912 (Fed. Cir. 2012).
`Moreover, the marks create similar overall commercial impressions.
`
`When comparing marks, the test is not whether the marks can be distinguished in a side-by-side comparison, but rather whether the marks are
`sufficiently similar in terms of their overall commercial impression that confusion as to the source of the goods offered under the respective
`marks is likely to result.  Midwestern Pet Foods, Inc. v. Societe des Produits Nestle S.A., 685 F.3d 1046, 1053, 103 USPQ2d 1435, 1440 (Fed.
`Cir. 2012); In re Davia, 110 USPQ2d 1810, 1813 (TTAB 2014); TMEP §1207.01(b).  The proper focus is on the recollection of the average
`purchaser, who retains a general rather than specific impression of trademarks.  United Global Media Grp., Inc. v. Tseng, 112 USPQ2d 1039,
`1049, (TTAB 2014); L’Oreal S.A. v. Marcon, 102 USPQ2d 1434, 1438 (TTAB 2012); TMEP §1207.01(b). In this case, both marks create the
`overall commercial impression of a “protocol” i.e., “a set of rules for the correct way to provide a medical treatment or do a scientific
`experiment.” See Exhibit 2. The addition of an extra letter “O” in the applicant’s mark does not change the mark’s overall commercial
`
` 
` 
` 
` 
` 
` 
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` 
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`

`

`impression.
`
`Moreover, both marks begin with “PROTO.”   Consumers are generally more inclined to focus on the first prefix or syllable in any trademark. 
`See Palm Bay Imps., Inc. v. Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin Maison Fondee En 1772, 396 F. 3d 1369, 1372, 73 USPQ2d 1689, 1692 (Fed. Cir. 2005);
`Presto Prods., Inc. v. Nice-Pak Prods., Inc., 9 USPQ2d 1895, 1897 (TTAB 1988) (“it is often the first part of a mark which is most likely to be
`impressed upon the mind of a purchaser and remembered” when making purchasing decisions).
`
`Therefore, the marks are similar in terms of appearance, sound, and commercial impression.
`
`Relatedness of the Goods
`
`The goods of the parties need not be identical or even competitive to find a likelihood of confusion.  See On-line Careline Inc. v. Am. Online Inc.,
`229 F.3d 1080, 1086, 56 USPQ2d 1471, 1475 (Fed. Cir. 2000); Recot, Inc. v. Becton, 214 F.3d 1322, 1329, 54 USPQ2d 1894, 1898 (Fed. Cir.
`2000) (“[E] ven if the goods in question are different from, and thus not related to, one another in kind, the same goods can be related in the
`mind of the consuming public as to the origin of the goods.”); TMEP §1207.01(a)( i).  The respective goods need only be “related in some
`manner and/or if the circumstances surrounding their marketing [be] such that they could give rise to the mistaken belief that [the goods]
`emanate from the same source.”   Coach Servs., Inc. v. Triumph Learning LLC, 668 F.3d 1356, 1369, 101 USPQ2d 1713, 1722 (Fed. Cir. 2012)
`(quoting 7-Eleven Inc. v. Wechsler, 83 USPQ2d 1715, 1724 (TTAB 2007)); TMEP §1207.01(a)(i).
`
`In this case, applicant identifies its goods as “[r] efrigerators and freezers, namely, laboratory refrigerators and freezers” and
`registrant’s goods are identified as “commercial refrigeration condensing units, p articularly for supermarkets.” The fact that the goods of the
`parties differ is not controlling in determining likelihood of confusion.  The issue is not likelihood of confusion between particular goods, but
`likelihood of confusion as to the source or sponsorship of those goods.  In re Majestic Distilling Co., 315 F.3d 1311, 1316, 65 USPQ2d 1201,
`1205 (Fed. Cir. 2003); In re Shell Oil Co., 992 F.2d 1204, 1208, 26 USPQ2d 1687, 1689 (Fed. Cir. 1993); TMEP §1207.01.
`
`The attached evidence shows that commercial refrigeration condensing units and refrigerators and freezers are of a kind that may emanate from a
`single source under a single mark and are sold through the same channels of trade. For example, Grainger offers refrigerators, freezers, and
`refrigeration condensing units. See Exhibit 3. JohnstoneSupply.com offers refrigerators & freezers and condensing units under the “Refrigeration
`Equipment” section of their website. See Exhibit 4. Fisher Scientific’s website also offers condensing units and laboratory refrigerators and
`freezers. See Exhibit 5. Defender.com offers refrigerators /freezers and condensing units made by the same manufacturers and sold under the
`“Refrigeration” section of their website. See Exhibit 6. For example, Dometic makes refrigerators and condensing units. See id. Therefore, the
`goods of the applicant and registrant are related in that they are of a kind that emanate from a single source under a single mark and travel
`through the same channels of trade.
`
`The overriding concern is not only to prevent buyer confusion as to the source of the goods, but to protect the registrant from adverse
`commercial impact due to use of a similar mark by a newcomer.  See In re Shell Oil Co., 992 F.2d 1204, 1208, 26 USPQ2d 1687, 1690 (Fed.
`Cir. 1993).  Therefore, any doubt regarding a likelihood of confusion determination is resolved in favor of the registrant.  TMEP §1207.01(d)(i);
`see Hewlett-Packard Co. v. Packard Press, Inc., 281 F.3d 1261, 1265, 62 USPQ2d 1001, 1003 (Fed. Cir. 2002); In re Hyper Shoppes (Ohio),
`Inc., 837 F.2d 463, 464-65, 6 USPQ2d 1025, 1026 (Fed. Cir. 1988).
`
`Based on the foregoing, the proposed mark is refused registration pursuant to Trademark Act Section 2(d) because potential consumers would
`likely be confused as to the source of the applicant’s goods.
`
`Although applicant’s mark has been refused registration, applicant may respond to the refusal by submitting evidence and arguments in support
`of registration.
`
`RESPONSE GUIDELINES
`
`If applicant has questions regarding this Office action, please telephone or e-mail the assigned trademark examining attorney.  All relevant e-
`mail communications will be placed in the official application record; however, an e-mail communication will not be accepted as a response to
`this Office action and will not extend the deadline for filing a proper response.  See 37 C.F.R. §§2.62(c), 2.191; TMEP §§304.01-.02, 709.04-.05. 
`Further, although the trademark examining attorney may provide additional explanation pertaining to the refusal in this Office action, the
`trademark examining attorney may not provide legal advice or statements about applicant’s rights.   See TMEP §§705.02, 709.06.
`
`TEAS PLUS OR TEAS REDUCED FEE (TEAS RF) APPLICANTS – TO MAINTAIN LOWER FEE, ADDITIONAL
`REQUIREMENTS MUST BE MET, INCLUDING SUBMITTING DOCUMENTS ONLINE:  Applicants who filed their application
`online using the lower-fee TEAS Plus or TEAS RF application form must (1) file certain documents online using TEAS, including responses to
`Office actions (see TMEP §§819.02(b), 820.02(b) for a complete list of these documents); (2) maintain a valid e-mail correspondence address;
`and (3) agree to receive correspondence from the USPTO by e-mail throughout the prosecution of the application.  See 37 C.F.R. §§2.22(b),
`2.23(b); TMEP §§819, 820.   TEAS Plus or TEAS RF applicants who do not meet these requirements must submit an additional processing fee of
`$50 per international class of goods and/or services.  37 C.F.R. §§2.6(a)(1)(v), 2.22(c), 2.23(c); TMEP §§819.04, 820.04.  However, in certain
`
` 
` 
` 
` 
` 
` 
` 
` 
` 
` 
` 
`

`

`situations, TEAS Plus or TEAS RF applicants may respond to an Office action by authorizing an examiner’s amendment by telephone without
`
`incurring this additional fee.  
`
`/Jacquelyn A. Jones/
`Jacquelyn A. Jones
`Law Office 120
`(571) 272-4432
`jacquelyn.jones@uspto.gov
`
`TO RESPOND TO THIS LETTER:   Go to http://www.uspto.gov/trademarks/teas/response_forms.jsp.   Please wait 48-72 hours from the
`issue/mailing date before using the Trademark Electronic Application System (TEAS), to allow for necessary system updates of the application. 
`For technical assistance with online forms, e-mail TEAS@uspto.gov.  For questions about the Office action itself, please contact the assigned
`trademark examining attorney.  E-mail communications will not be accepted as responses to Office actions; therefore, do not respond to
`this Office action by e-mail.
`
`All informal e-mail communications relevant to this application will be placed in the official application record.
`
`WHO MUST SIGN THE RESPONSE:  It must be personally signed by an individual applicant or someone with legal authority to bind an
`applicant (i.e., a corporate officer, a general partner, all joint applicants).  If an applicant is represented by an attorney, the attorney must sign the
`
`response.  
`PERIODICALLY CHECK THE STATUS OF THE APPLICATION:   To ensure that applicant does not miss crucial deadlines or official
`notices, check the status of the application every three to four months using the Trademark Status and Document Retrieval (TSDR) system at
`http://tsdr.uspto.gov/.   Please keep a copy of the TSDR status screen.   If the status shows no change for more than six months, contact the
`Trademark Assistance Center by e-mail at TrademarkAssistanceCenter@uspto.gov or call 1-800-786-9199.   For more information on checking
`status, see http://www.uspto.gov/trademarks/process/status/.
`
`TO UPDATE CORRESPONDENCE/E-MAIL ADDRESS:  Use the TEAS form at http://www.uspto.gov/trademarks/teas/correspondence.jsp.
`
` 
` 
` 
` 
`  
`

`

`Exhibit 1
`
`

`

`Print: Oct 22, 2015
`
`I'd-547315
`
`TYPED DRAWING
`
`serial Number
`T454T8T5
`
`Status
`REGISTERED AND RENEWED
`
`Word Mark
`PROTOCOL
`
`Standard Character Mark
`No
`
`Registration Number
`:958400
`
`
`
`Date Registered
`:996x02x2?
`
`Type of Mark
`TRADEMARK
`
`Register
`PRINCIPAL
`
`Mark Drawing Code
`[1] TYPED DRAWING
`
`Owner
`Hussmann Corporation CORPORATION MISSOURI 12999 St. Charles Rook Road
`Bridgeton MISSOURI 63044
`
`GoodsfServioes
`Class Statue —— ACTIVE.
`
`10 011.
`
`US
`
`013 021 023 031 034.
`
`G s. 8:
`
`commercial refrigeration condensing unite, particularly for
`supermarkets. First Use:
`l993HO9/OT. First Use In Commerce:
`1993H09HUT.
`
`Filing Date
`lQQéfUTHll
`
`Examining Attorney
`MATTHEWS. AMOS THOMAS
`
`
`
`.i-‘nttomegpr of Record
`Billie Jean Smith
`
`

`

`Exhibit 2
`
`

`

`
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`Exhibit 5
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`

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`Nor-Lake“ Scientific Select“ Glass Door Laboratory and Pharmacy
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`Nor-Lake“I Scientific Select”| Laboratory and Pharmacy Freezer
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`Thermo Scientific" MaxQ‘” 2508 Dual-Action Orbitai Reciprocating
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